The bopyrid isopod Athelges takanoshimensis is a relatively common abdominal parasite of hermit crabs from Asia. This study investigated the prevalence, reproduction, and morphology of A. takanoshimensis from over 1560 hermit crab specimens collected in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2004. Among these collections, A. takanoshimensis was on ∼7% of the hermit crab Pagurus angustus and was also recorded from 5% of Pagurus hedleyi; no hermit crabs from the genus Clibanarius were infested. The male-female ratio of parasitized P. angustus was approximately 3:7, in contrast to a 3:2 ratio for uninfested hosts, suggesting that parasitism has an influence on host sex ratio. Athelges takanoshimensis produced up to 5031 embryos (average brood size = 2852). Estimates of body size (head length, pereon length, and total length) were analysed as predictors of fecundity but a significant correlation was only found between brood size and pereon length. The morphology of the life history stages of A. takanoshimensis is described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including the first investigation of epicaridium larvae for this species. Notes on the behaviour of ovigerous females and the release of their larvae are provided, thus providing a better understanding of the natural history and morphology of A. takanoshimensis.