Changes in soil chemical reactions in response to straw sugar cane and vinasse

Abstract

Sugarcane harvesting is predominantly mechanical because of environmental restrictions, reduced requirements for manpower, and the quest for improved efficiency. Therefore, large amounts of straw remain available in the soil. Vinasse, a liquid waste, is a main byproduct of the sugar and alcohol industry, in addition to sugarcane straw. Both accumulate in sugarcane fields; however, the effects of their interaction are unclear. In this study, the effects of applications of sugarcane straw and vinasse on the pH and the potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of a dystroferric sugarcane straw and incubated for 60 days. Following the analysis, by layer, the data were subjected to analysis of variance by partitioning the degrees of freedom into orthogonal polynomials. The pH and the Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased throughout the soil profile upon vinasse application. An acid-base imbalance was observed in the topsoil layers in association with the high K saturation. The application of sugarcane straw enhanced the effects of the vinasse across all of the depths analyzed but did not increase the pH. The best results were obtained when applying a dose of 300 m 3 ha -1 vinasse and 6 t ha -1 sugarcane straw. Key words: Green cane, cations, agricultural waste, Saccharum spp., soil ResumoDevido às restrições ambientais, falta de mão-de-obra e a busca por melhor eficiência, a colheita de canade-açúcar tende a ser mecanizada, fazendo com que grande quantidade de palhada esteja disponível no solo. Somada à palha, a vinhaça é o principal resíduo líquido da indústria sucroalcooleira. Ambos são depositados a campo; porém, o efeito da interação entre os mesmos, ainda não está esclarecido. Avaliouse a influência da aplicação de palha de cana-de-açúcar e vinhaça no pH e nos teores de potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg) em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico de alta saturação por bases. Em 64 colunas de PVC de 0,036 × 0,30 m (diâmetro × altura) foram reproduzidos perfis do solo coletados nas profundidades 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 e 0.20-0,30 m, em área de cultivo. Os solos foram tratados com vinhaça, em doses equivalentes a 0, 125, 250 e 500 m 3 ha -1 e 0, 3, 6 e 9 t ha -1 de palha de cana-deaçúcar e submetidos à incubação por 60 dias. Após as análises por camada, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com desdobramento dos graus de liberdade em polinômios ortogonais. Com a

Nutrient content and accumulation in sugarcane under mineral fertilization and high doses of vinasse

“…Inadequate management of the amount of vinasse applied causes unfavorable chemical changes in the soil and compromises the development of sugarcane due to the high concentrations of K, Ca and Na present in the compound (Christofoletti et al, 2013;Ortegón, Arboleda, Candela, Tamoh, & Valdes-Abellan, 2016;Garcia, Souza, Souza, Christofoletti, & Fontanetti, 2017). This nutritional imbalance causes saturation of the soil with these nutrients and, consequently, antagonistic relationships, especially those of K with Ca and Na (Aquino, Medina, Brito, & Fonseca, 2015;Rhodes, Miles, & Hughes, 2018), ultimately compromising the nutritional balance of the crop.…”

<b>Influence of sugarcane variety and management on the mineral composition of vinasse from alembic cachaça

“…An adequate use of vinasse in soils replaces nutrients, increases the agricultural productivity, raises the soil pH, increases the soil water retention, favors the microbial growth and improves the soil structure (Rosa & Martins, 2013). Doses of 300 m 3 ha -1 have resulted in higher sugarcane productivity (Aquino, Medina, Brito & Fonseca, 2015). Although the use of vinasse in fertigation is highly recommended for sugarcane crop, its application may result in imbalance in nutrient and cationexchange capacity, causing changes in soil chemical reactions with leaching of its constituents into groundwater (Aquino et al, 2015).…”

“…Doses of 300 m 3 ha -1 have resulted in higher sugarcane productivity (Aquino, Medina, Brito & Fonseca, 2015). Although the use of vinasse in fertigation is highly recommended for sugarcane crop, its application may result in imbalance in nutrient and cationexchange capacity, causing changes in soil chemical reactions with leaching of its constituents into groundwater (Aquino et al, 2015). Varying patterns of N 2 O emissions by bacteria from vinasse during fertigation were observed by Cassman, Lourenço, Carmo, Cantarella & Kuramae (2018) as well as increase in the emission of greenhouse gases (Moran-Salazar et al, 2016).…”