Changes in soil surface chemistry after fifty years of tillage and nitrogen fertilization

Obour, Augustine K.; Mikha, Maysoon M.; Holman, Johnathon D.; Stahlman, Phillip W.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.08.020

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…At these soil depths, pH was significantly higher in the 0 kg N ha −1 , 45 kg N ha −1 , and 90 kg N ha −1 treatments than in the 135 kg N ha −1 and 180 kg N ha −1 application rates. These results are consistent with the results from previous long-term studies, which reported that N fertilizer application markedly decreased soil pH in the top layers only [4,7]. This suggests that soil acidification resulting from N application did not move beyond 20 cm soil depth which is significant because acidification is confined at upper layers and has limited effect on the subsoil.…”

Section: Soil Phsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Consistent decline of Ca in the studied soil depths, except in 30-60 cm, was observed with the high N rates (Figure 3), which doesn't support our first hypothesis for Ca. This result is in line with the study of Ai et al [22]; however, other studies had contrasting results [7,20]. The availability of Ca is inversely related to soil acidity and decreases with high N application rates.…”

Section: Mehlich III Extractable Ca and Psupporting

confidence: 90%

“…On the other hand, more traditional tillage, such as moldboard plow tillage (MP), promotes SOM loss and nutrient losses due to increased soil disturbance and residue incorporation. Consequently, a larger volume of SOM becomes accessible to microbes and subject to mineralization [7]. Mineralization is intensified under dryland fallow cropping system, because fallow accompanied by tillage buries residue in the moist soil profile, which would otherwise have been very slow due to dryness of the soil under dryland winter wheat cropping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

et al. 2019

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The insights gained from the long-term impacts of tillage and N fertilization on soil fertility are crucial for the development of sustainable cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 75 years of tillage and N fertilization on macronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissues grown in a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation. The experiment included three types of tillage (disc, DP; sweep, SW; and moldboard, MP) and five N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1). Soil and tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total N, S, and C, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg, Ca in the soil, and the total concentration of the same nutrients in wheat tissue. Soil N concentration was significantly greater under DP (1.10 g kg−1) than under MP (1.03 g kg−1). The P concentration in upper 20 cm soil depth increased with increased N rates. Comparison of experiment plots to a nearby undisturbed pasture revealed a decline of P (32%), SOC (34%), Mg (77%), and Ca (86%) in the top 10 cm soil depth. The results suggest that DP with high N rates could reduce the macronutrient decline in soil and plant over time.

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Section: Soil Phsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Mehlich III Extractable Ca and Psupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

et al. 2019

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“…Fertilizer management affects soil chemical properties at various depths [22,23]. Soil acidification was found to be significantly higher in the upper surface of soil than at lower depths, and the increase in N fertilizer application was associated with a decrease in pH [24]. Schroder et al [23] explored a highly significant negative relationship between the nitrogen fertilizer application rate and soil pH during a 30-year long-term study conducted in Oklahoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol

et al. 2019

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Elevated mineral fertilization may change the composition and increase the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in subtropical paddy soils and thus affect long-term plant growth. However, an understanding of the response of soil P fractions to long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) additions remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the responses of soil P-fractions and their mobility to different long-term chemical fertilization rates under a double rice cropping system. The rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the low NPK treatment (LNPK) were 90, 45, and 75 kg ha −1 year −1 , respectively, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK), they were 180, 90, and 150 kg ha −1 year −1 , respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total P, Olsen P, total N, and mineral N were remarkably increased under HNPK by 17.46%, 162.66%, 721.16%, 104.42%, and 414.46%, respectively, compared with those under control (CT). Compared to the CT P fractions, HNPK increased the labile P fractions (i.e., NaHCO 3 -Pi and NaHCO 3 -Po) by 322.25% and 83.53% and the moderately labile P fractions (i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and HCl. dil. Pi) by 163.54%, 183.78%, and 3167.25% respectively, while the non-labile P was decreased by the HNPK addition. P uptake and grain yield were increased by LNPK and HNPK by 10.02% and 35.20%, respectively, compared with CT. P use efficiency indices were also higher under HNPK than under LNPK. There was a strong positive relationship between grain yield and P use efficiency (R 2 = 0.97). A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between soil chemical properties and the labile and moderately labile P pools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SOM, mineral N, and available P strongly control the labile P pool. In conclusion, NPK additions under the paddy soils significantly influences the soil P fractions. The soil P dynamics Agronomy 2019, 9, 784 2 of 15 and the mechanisms governing the interactions between plants and soil nutrients are clearly explained in this study.

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“…As reconstructed prairies become established, changes to redox potential or pH could affect Fe dynamics (Gotoh and Patrick, 1974). Increases in soil surface Fe during a no-till transition have also been observed in Mollisols and may be dependent on organic matter or pH changes (Obour et al, 2017). Regardless, we would expect the majority of short-ranged ordered Fe or Al within soils to be set by mineralogy rather than human activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physicochemical Organic Matter Stabilization across a Restored Grassland Chronosequence

Bugeja

Castellano

2018

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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In reconstructed grasslands, soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest CO2 and reactive N sink but SOM gains after reconstruction rarely achieve precultivation levels. Through a chronosequence of reconstructed grasslands 1 to 21 yr after establishment, we explored which physicochemical mechanisms protect accumulated soil organic C (SOC) and N from mineralization. After 21 yr, total SOC and soil N concentrations increased by 32 and 23%. The SOC concentration was within 5% of a new equilibrium but was 64% of a never-cultivated remnant. Chemically stabilized C and N pools on free silt and clay surfaces increased with time. Coarse particulate organic matter C increased with time but accounted for <12% of SOC. Microaggregate-stabilized SOM did not change. The positive linear relationship between total SOC and free silt and clay C indicates that 21 yr after establishment, reconstructions have unsatisfied capacity for further SOM storage, despite proximity to a new SOC equilibrium. The accumulated C and N associated with free silt and clay suggest that ammonium oxalateextractable Fe (AmOx-Fe) and polyvalent cation concentrations could be correlated with total C and N stocks. These promote SOM stabilization and were possibly affected by human activity before reconstruction. However, AmOx-Fe and polyvalent cation concentrations were not associated with total SOC or soil N and could not explain the slowing SOM accumulation. Regardless of time since reconstruction, AmOx-Fe was highly concentrated on microaggregate surfaces compared with other fractions and was positively associated with microaggregate C and N, suggesting a link between Fe and microaggregate stabilization.

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Changes in soil surface chemistry after fifty years of tillage and nitrogen fertilization

Cited by 77 publications

References 50 publications

Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol

Physicochemical Organic Matter Stabilization across a Restored Grassland Chronosequence

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