Changes in Soluble and Bound Peroxidase—IAA Oxidase During Tomato Fruit Development

Thomas, Ronnie L.; Jen, Joseph J.; Morr, C.V.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb11048.x

Cited by 133 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Portions (0.5 g) of lyophilized corn root samples were stirred in 10 ml of 1 M potassium acetate (pH 6.0) for 2 h at 4°C. The mixtures were centrifuged, the supernatants were dialyzed and lyophilized, and the residues were resuspended in 20 mm sodium phosphate (pH 6.0) and assayed for peroxidase activity by monitoring guaiacol oxidation (25). RESULTS …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Pozuelo¹,

Espelie²,

Kolattukudy³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIThe composition of the aliphatic components of suberin in the stele and cortex of young corn (Zea mays L.) roots was determined by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the LiAID4 depolymerization products. u.-Hydroxy acids were shown to be the major clss of the aliphatic components of both the hypodermal (35%) and endodermal (28%) polymeric materials with the dominant chain length being C24 in the former and C16 in the latter. Suberin, which is thought to be a polymer composed of aliphatic and aromatic domains, serves as the structural component of certain diffusion barriers in the plant (15). Electron micrographs of suberin reveal a lamellar structure composed of light and dark bands probably representing alternating layers of wax and polymer (23,24). Suberin, which has been ultrastructurally identified, has been examined chemically from only a few sources (5,8,9), but in these cases the composition of the aliphatic components agreed well with an early generalization that long chain (C,6-C26) w-hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids are very often the major aliphatic components of suberin (16 cells (19,20), suberin in roots has been examined chemically in only a few cases (7,14,18). Suberization in the plant may frequently be a response to certain types of stress, but there have been no combined chemical and ultrastructural studies on the effects of such stress upon suberization in roots. In this paper, we report the suberin composition of the hypodermis and endodermis of young corn roots and show chemically and ultrastructurally that Mg deficiency causes an increase in the suberization of corn roots. MATERIALS AND METHODSDetermination of the Composition of the Aliphatic Components of the Hypodermal and Endodermal Suberin. Seeds of Zea mays L. cv Golden Cross were germinated on moist filter paper in the dark for 6 d at room temperature. The tip of the root (approximately 1 cm) was removed, and the remainder of the root (approximately 5 cm) was manually separated into hypodermal and endodermal fractions with the tissue being retained only when it was clear that the separation had been complete (7). The two fractions were frozen, lyophilized, ground to a powder (Wig-L-Bug amalgamator), and $oxhlet extracted (72 h with CHC13 and 72 h with CH30H). Portions (500 mg) of these powders were depolymerized with LiAlD4, fractionated on TLC, and analyzed by combined GC-MS with a Varian gas chromatograph attached to a Perkin-Elmer-Hitachi RMU6D mass spectrometer with a Biemann separator interphase (26

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Pozuelo¹,

Espelie²,

Kolattukudy³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…POD activity was measured as described by Thomas et al (1982). The reaction mixture contained 3 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 1.0 ml of 0.18% H 2 O 2 , 1.0 ml of enzyme extract, and 1.0 ml of 0.1% guaiacol.…”

Section: Determination Of Antioxidative Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling

Diao

Song

Shi

et al. 2016

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H 2 O 2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.

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“…The role of soluble POD in RS development is unclear. It seems that soluble POD is not involved in the process of cell wall lignification, since cytochemical studies have shown that soluble POD exists in the inner face of the tonoplast (17,18), whereas the oxidation of phenolic precursors for lignin formation occurs in the cell wall (4,11,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This increase in ionically bound POD activity is consistent with the increase in lignin biosynthesis in RS cell walls, since free phenolic precursors must be oxidized by POD to form lignin polymers. Several researchers (3,17,18) have suggested that ionically bound POD exists in plant cell walls. Soluble POD activity was very high in both the air control and ethylene-treated tissues (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Hormone Interaction and Phenolic Metabolism in the Regulation of Russet Spotting in Iceberg Lettuce

Ke¹,

Saltveit²

1988

Plant Physiol.

147

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Russet spotting (RS2) is a physiological disorder that may develop during postharvest transport and storage of iceberg (crisphead) lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This disorder is characterized by the appearance along both sides of the midrib of numerous small brown spots that may spread over the leaf blade in severe cases (9). .Exposure to ppm levels of ethylene at storage temperatures around 5°C induces RS development (14). Susceptibility to RS depends on storage temperature, ethylene concentration, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, maturity, and cultivar (13).Anatomical studies (6, 10) have indicated cell wall thickening and cell discoloration as two major changes associated with RS. These symptoms may start either in the epidermis or in the mesophyll. In advanced stages, the mesophyll cells may collapse and form pit-like depressions. Hyodo et al. (5) found that ethylene induced an increase in PAL activity which suggested the involvement of this enzyme in RS development. We have reported that the application of calcium or 2,4-D inhibited RS development and PAL activity (7). The purpose of this research was to identify the biochemical pathways related to the development of RS symptoms (cell wall thickening and cell discoloration) and the regulation of these pathways by plant hormones, especially ethylene and auxin.

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Changes in Soluble and Bound Peroxidase—IAA Oxidase During Tomato Fruit Development

Cited by 133 publications

References 20 publications

Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling

Plant Hormone Interaction and Phenolic Metabolism in the Regulation of Russet Spotting in Iceberg Lettuce

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