Changes in the benthic fauna and flora after application of temephos to a stream on Mt. Tsukuba

Yasuno, Masayuki; Fukushima, Satoshi; Hasegawa, Junichi; Shioyama, Fusao; Hatakeyama, Shigehisa

doi:10.1007/bf00005706

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They found the direction of response for smalland large-scale experiments was similar, but the grazer effect was underestimated by small-scale experiments. Although a few other studies have demonstrated reach-scale removal of invertebrates and subsequent increases in periphyton, these required application of pesticides (Yasuno et al 1982) or serendipitous events such as pathogen outbreaks (Kohler and Wiley 1997) to reduce grazing invertebrates. Our electroshocking technique is unique because it allows deliberate manipulation of invertebrates in a natural stream reach.…”

Section: Reach-scale Manipulations Show Invertebrate Grazers Depress mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reach‐scale manipulations show invertebrate grazers depress algal resources in streams

Taylor

McIntosh

Peckarsky

2002

Limnology & Oceanography

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Experimental tools that enable manipulations of organisms at larger scales allow for comparisons of processes across multiple spatial scales and expand our ability to make predictions about ecological processes. We performed reach scale (i.e., 50 m2) manipulations of invertebrate communities in streams using a modified electroshocking technique to nondestructively remove invertebrates. In addition, we conducted a microcosm experiment (i.e., 157 cm2) with different grazer densities that enabled comparison of the strength of grazer‐algal interactions at large and small spatial scales. In high elevation headwater streams, electroshocking reduced total invertebrate abundance by 84% in a 50‐m2 reach of stream. Although mobile invertebrates recolonized the manipulated area rapidly, daily electroshocking maintained the density reduction. Electroshocking reduced the density of herbivorous invertebrates 86%, which resulted in a 57% increase in algal biomass, whereas in a stream that was not electroshocked, invertebrate density and algal biomass changed much less, only 16 and 8%, respectively. Comparison of grazer effect on periphyton between microcosm and reach‐scale experiments revealed that the per capita interaction strength of grazers on primary producers was three times greater in the reach‐scale manipulation than that observed in the microcosm experiments. Reach‐scale manipulation of invertebrate grazers in streams provides a powerful method to experimentally test patterns observed in the field at a large spatial scale, with more realism than streamside microcosms or small cages in streams.

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Section: Reach-scale Manipulations Show Invertebrate Grazers Depress mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reach‐scale manipulations show invertebrate grazers depress algal resources in streams

Taylor

McIntosh

Peckarsky

2002

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…However, lower application rates are known to induce similar invertebrate drift responses in larger streams (e.g., Wallace & Hynes 1975;Flannagan et al 1979, Yasuno et al 1982. In addition to purely toxicological effects, applications of chemical control methods for larval blackfly control may influence patterns of energy and nutrient flow within stream ecosystems.…”

Section: Significance Of Invertebrates In Littermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Manipulation of a Headwater Stream: Invertebrate Responses and Their Significance for Ecosystem Processes

Cuffney¹,

Wallace²,

Webster³

1984

Freshwater Invertebrate Biology

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Abstract. The influence of macroinvertebrates on detrital processing was evaluated by excluding them from one of two small southern Appalachian streams. Exclusion in the treated stream was accomplished by periodic applications of 10 ppm of the insecticide methoxychlor. This caused massive invertebrate drift (>12,000 organisms/m 3 of discharge) during the initial treatment and reduced aquatic insect densities and biomass to <10% of the levels within the adjacent untreated reference stream. Community structure in the treated stream shifted from a system dominated by small numbers of large shredding insects (e.g., Peltoperla, Pycnopsyche, Tipula) with comparatively low reproductive rates, to one dominated by large numbers of small collector-gatherers and predators (e.g., Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Turbellaria) with high reproductive rates. Non-insect invertebrate biomass and density became significantly higher in the treated stream than in the reference stream following initial methoxychlor treatment. We interpreted this response as a consequence of increased survivorship and growth of non-insect taxa associated with both insect predator removal and a potential increase in the food quality of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Total invertebrate density in the treated stream increased to that of the reference stream 117 days after the initial treatment, but total invertebrate biomass in the treated stream remained significantly lower throughout the study. Counts of fungal hyphae, respiration rates of conditioned leaf discs, and ATP content of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were not affected by methoxychlor. However, ATP levels of FPOM were significantly higher in the treated stream than in the reference stream. Methoxychlor treatment reduced the concentration, the amount exported, and the median particle size of transported particulate organic matter (TPOM). Our study indicates that insects in forested headwater streams play a major role in both the generation and subsequent transport of FPO M to downstream reaches. Biological processes in headwater streams, where there 'We thank Drs.

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“…Studies reporting the recovery of Trichoptera have mostly focused on lotic fi lter-feeding species belonging to the family of Hydropsychidae, whereas information on the common family of Limnephilidae is scarce. Rapid recovery of Hydropsychidae was found after pesticide application, fl ooding events and heavy-metal contamination (Malmqvist et al 1991 ;Ryon 1992Ryon , 1996Smith 2003 ;Specht et al 1984 ;Yasuno et al 1982 ;Whiles and Wallace 1992 ), whereas after large-scale disturbance (Ide 1967 ), in newly established lentic systems (Barnes 1983 ;Danell and Sjoberg 1982 ;Koskenniemi 1994 ) and for other trichopteran species (Ryon 1992(Ryon , 1996Smith 2003 ), long recovery times have been reported.…”

Section: Trichopteramentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3b ). At the low end of recovery times, Chironomidae were consistently recorded among the fi rst macro-invertebrate colonizers of lotic ecosystems (Chadwick et al 1986 ;Churchel and Batzer 2006 ;Milner 1994 ;Pires et al 2000 ;Yasuno et al 1982 ). Moreover, mayfl ies, especially Baetidae (mostly Baetis sp.)…”

Section: Contributions Of Ecosystem Type Landscape Characteristics Amentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1 ). Although Plecoptera species showed a rapid recovery due to drift dispersal from non-stressed upstream sections (Brooks and Boulton 1991 ;Harriman and Morrison 1982 ;Morrison 1990 ), they often exhibited slow or no recovery following large-scale disturbance or in habitats lacking refuges (Beketov et al 2008 ;Yasuno et al 1982 ), probably due to their poor adult dispersal ability. This general trend is supported by studies of newly established stream habitats Flory and Milner 1999 ;Malmqvist et al 1991 ;Milner 1987Milner , 1994Milner et al 2000 ).…”

Section: Plecopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals

Gergs

Classen²,

Strauß³

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Chemical contaminants released into the in the environment may have adverse effects on (non-target) species, populations and communities. The return of a stressed system to its pre-disturbance or other reference state, i.e. the ecological recovery, may depend on various factors related to the affected taxon, the ecosystem of concern and the type of stressor with consequences for the assessment and management of risks associated with chemical contaminants. Whereas the effects caused by short-term exposure might be acceptable to some extent, the conditions under which ecological recovery can serve as a decision criterion in the environmental risk assessment of chemical stressors remains to be evaluated. For a generic consideration of recovery in the risk assessment of chemicals, we reviewed case studies of natural and artificial aquatic systems and evaluate five aspects that might cause variability in population recovery time: (1) taxonomic differences and life-history variability, (2) factors related to ecosystem type and community processes, (3) type of disturbance, (4) comparison of field and semi-field studies, and (5) effect magnitude, i.e., the decline in population size following disturbance. We discuss our findings with regard to both retrospective assessments and prospective risk assessment.

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Changes in the benthic fauna and flora after application of temephos to a stream on Mt. Tsukuba

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Reach‐scale manipulations show invertebrate grazers depress algal resources in streams

Reach‐scale manipulations show invertebrate grazers depress algal resources in streams

Pesticide Manipulation of a Headwater Stream: Invertebrate Responses and Their Significance for Ecosystem Processes

Ecological Recovery Potential of Freshwater Organisms: Consequences for Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals

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