Changes in the Cerebral Vascular Bed in Experimental Hydrocephalus: An Angioarchitectural and Histological Study

Oka, Naoki; Nakada, Jun-ichi; Nagahori, Takeshi; Endo, Shunro; Takaku, Akira

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-68156-4_5

“…Similarly, Oka et al (1986) reported a progressive decrease in number and in diameter of capillaries in white matter, but no changes in gray matter. Oka et al (1991) found a decrease in number and size of vessels in gray and white matter in kaolininduced hydrocephalic rats. Del Bigio and Bruni (1988) FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The mechanisms by which hydrocephalus first reversibly and then permanently injures the brain are not understood, although increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, tissue edema, tissue compression and, stretch may all play a role. Many studies have suggested an important role for cerebrovascular compression (Del Bigio and Bruni, 1988;Jones et al, 1991;Oka et al, 1991) and tissue hypoxia (Del Bigio, 1993;Higashi et al, 1986;Richards et al, 1989) in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus. Although paraventricular capillary compression may result in reversible and irreversible hypoxia, (Oka et al, 1986;Okuyama et al, 1987;Sato et al, 1984) the extent, time course, and distribution of these changes is not known for chronic hydrocephalus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrovascular Adaptation in Chronic Hydrocephalus

Luciano

¹

,

Skarupa

²

,

Booth

³

et al. 2001

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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This study characterizes the regional changes in vascularity, which accompanies chronic progressive hydrocephalus. Fifteen dogs underwent surgical induction of hydrocephalus and were used for histologic studies. Animals were divided into 4 groups: surgical control, short term (< or = 5 weeks), intermediate term (8 weeks), and long term (10 to 12 weeks). Vessel diameter, density, and luminal area were calculated by imaging quantification after manual vessel identification in the cortical gray, white matter, and caudate nucleus. Capillary vessel diameter decreased 23.5% to 30.2% (P < 0.01) in the caudate, but then returned to normal at 12 weeks. Capillary vessel density decreased 53.5% (P < 0.05) in the cortical gray, but then increased to 234.8% (P < 0.01) over surgical controls at 12 weeks. There was no initial decrease in capillary density in the caudate; however, the long-term group capillary density was significantly greater (172.8% to 210.5%, P < 0.01) than surgical controls. Overall, there was a short-term decrease in lumen area, with recovery in the longer term. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry demonstrated the pattern of GFAP staining and reactive astrocytes differed in the caudate compared with the occipital cortex. This data suggest that an increase in capillary density and diameter may be an adaptive process allowing maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion and metabolic support in the hypoxic environment of chronic hydrocephalus.

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“…Compression of capillaries, also called cerebrovascular compression, plays a significant role in the acute stage. Various research studies have confirmed collapse of cerebral capillaries in the periventricular white matter and cortical and subcortical gray matter [154][155][156][157][158]. Changes of cerebral circulation, which are adaptive in their nature, also known as cerebrovascular adaptation, occur in the chronic stage of hydrocephalus.…”

Section: Vascular Changes In Hydrocephalusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Kolarovszki¹

2019

0

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IV 5. Etiology of hydrocephalus 5.1 Congenital hydrocephalus 5.2 Acquired postnatal hydrocephalus 6. Pathophysiology of hydrocephalus 6.1 Pathophysiological mechanisms of onset and development of hydrocephalus 6.2 Pathologic changes in hydrocephalus 6.3 Vascular changes in hydrocephalus 6.4 Biochemical changes in hydrocephalus 6.5 Changes of cerebral metabolism in hydrocephalus 7. Clinical manifestations of pediatric hydrocephalus 8. Basic properties of ultrasound 9. Biological effects of ultrasound 9.1 Thermal effects 9.2 Cavitation 9.3 Other mechanic effects 10. Doppler sonography 10.1 The role of Doppler principle in ultrasonography 10.2 The Doppler systems with continuous wave (CW) 10.3 The pulsatility Doppler systems (the pulsed waves, PW) 10.4 The color flow Doppler tomography (CFD, real-time two-dimensional Doppler) 10.5 The technique of the color Doppler power mapping (color Doppler energy, CDE; color power angio, CPA; Doppler power mode; power mapping) 11. The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonography 11.1 The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonographic examination 12. The Doppler curve, measured and calculated parameters 12.1 The Doppler curve 12.2 Measured and assessed parameters of the Doppler curve 12.3 Development of Doppler parameters of cerebral circulation: physiological values 12.3.1 Neonates 12.3.2 Infancy V 12.4 The factors influencing the value of qualitative indices of the Doppler curve 12.4.1 The factors increasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 12.4.2 Factors decreasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 13. Morphology of the cerebral ventricles in pediatric hydrocephalus 14. Assessment of Doppler parameters of the cerebral arteries in children with hydrocephalus 15. Case reports 15.1 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with hydrocephalus before and after insertion of external ventricular drainage 15.2 Observation of intraindividual dynamics in the preterm neonate with asphyxia and development of progressive hydrocephalus regarding indication of drainage procedure 15.3 Impact of tachycardia on Doppler parameters of blood flow in ACA in the infant with active hydrocephalus 15.4 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of the infant with schizencephaly 15.5 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation type II and lumbosacral myelomeningocele 15.6 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus 15.7 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with occipital encephalocele and congenital hydrocephalus 15.8 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with birth trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage and hemocephalus 15.9 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with congenital hydrocephalus and VP shunt revision 15.10 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of congenital hydrocephalus in prenatal and postnatal period

show abstract

“…Compression of capillaries, also called cerebrovascular compression, plays a significant role in the acute stage. Various research studies have confirmed collapse of cerebral capillaries in the periventricular white matter and cortical and subcortical gray matter [154][155][156][157][158]. Changes of cerebral circulation, which are adaptive in their nature, also known as cerebrovascular adaptation, occur in the chronic stage of hydrocephalus.…”

Section: Vascular Changes In Hydrocephalusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

Kolarovszki¹

2019

The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

1

0

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IV 5. Etiology of hydrocephalus 5.1 Congenital hydrocephalus 5.2 Acquired postnatal hydrocephalus 6. Pathophysiology of hydrocephalus 6.1 Pathophysiological mechanisms of onset and development of hydrocephalus 6.2 Pathologic changes in hydrocephalus 6.3 Vascular changes in hydrocephalus 6.4 Biochemical changes in hydrocephalus 6.5 Changes of cerebral metabolism in hydrocephalus 7. Clinical manifestations of pediatric hydrocephalus 8. Basic properties of ultrasound 9. Biological effects of ultrasound 9.1 Thermal effects 9.2 Cavitation 9.3 Other mechanic effects 10. Doppler sonography 10.1 The role of Doppler principle in ultrasonography 10.2 The Doppler systems with continuous wave (CW) 10.3 The pulsatility Doppler systems (the pulsed waves, PW) 10.4 The color flow Doppler tomography (CFD, real-time two-dimensional Doppler) 10.5 The technique of the color Doppler power mapping (color Doppler energy, CDE; color power angio, CPA; Doppler power mode; power mapping) 11. The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonography 11.1 The transcranial color-coded Doppler ultrasonographic examination 12. The Doppler curve, measured and calculated parameters 12.1 The Doppler curve 12.2 Measured and assessed parameters of the Doppler curve 12.3 Development of Doppler parameters of cerebral circulation: physiological values 12.3.1 Neonates 12.3.2 Infancy V 12.4 The factors influencing the value of qualitative indices of the Doppler curve 12.4.1 The factors increasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 12.4.2 Factors decreasing the resistance index of cerebral arteries 13. Morphology of the cerebral ventricles in pediatric hydrocephalus 14. Assessment of Doppler parameters of the cerebral arteries in children with hydrocephalus 15. Case reports 15.1 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with hydrocephalus before and after insertion of external ventricular drainage 15.2 Observation of intraindividual dynamics in the preterm neonate with asphyxia and development of progressive hydrocephalus regarding indication of drainage procedure 15.3 Impact of tachycardia on Doppler parameters of blood flow in ACA in the infant with active hydrocephalus 15.4 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of the infant with schizencephaly 15.5 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation type II and lumbosacral myelomeningocele 15.6 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the preterm neonate with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus 15.7 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with occipital encephalocele and congenital hydrocephalus 15.8 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the term neonate with birth trauma, intracerebral hemorrhage and hemocephalus 15.9 Assessment of intracranial dynamics in the neonate with congenital hydrocephalus and VP shunt revision 15.10 Assessment of intracranial dynamics of congenital hydrocephalus in prenatal and postnatal period

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Changes in the Cerebral Vascular Bed in Experimental Hydrocephalus: An Angioarchitectural and Histological Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Cerebrovascular Adaptation in Chronic Hydrocephalus

Cerebrovascular Adaptation in Chronic Hydrocephalus

The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

The Role of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in the Management of Pediatric Hydrocephalus

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