Changes in the Electrophoretic Profiles of Gill Mucus Proteases of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica in Response to Infection by the Turbellarian Urastoma cyprinae

Effects of Alexandrium minutum exposure upon physiological and hematological variables of diploid and triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas

“…Shumway and Cucci (1987) showed that some bivalves (Mytilus edulis, Placopecten magellanicus, and Geukensia demissa) increased mucus production after exposure to Protogonyaulax tamarensis (= Alexandrium tamarense), probably to avoid consumption of toxic cells. Mucus associated with gills also contains powerful lytic enzymes that act against a variety of stressors and play an important role in defense (Fisher, 1992;Brun et al, 2000). This reaction to harmful and/or toxic microalgal exposure was also noted in finfish.…”

Effects of Alexandrium minutum exposure on nutrition-related processes and reproductive output in oysters Crassostrea gigas

“…Shumway and Cucci (1987) showed that some bivalves (M. edulis, Placopecten magellanicus, and Geukensia demissa) increased mucus production after exposure to Protogonyaulax tamarensis (=Alexandrium tamarense), probably to avoid consumption of toxic cells. Mucus associated with gills also contains powerful lytic enzymes that act against a variety of stressors and play an important role in defense (Fisher, 1992;Brun et al, 2000).…”

Reaction of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia) to Eugymnanthea inquilina (Cnidaria) and Urastoma cyprinae (Turbellaria) concurrent infestation

“…To our knowledge there are limited number of studies evaluating the simultaneous impact of turbellarian and hydroid on their bivalve host (Piraino et al, 1994;Brun et al, 2000). From the above-mentioned data, it is evident that parasitic or commensal status of these two taxa is still controversial and differs considerably among published literature.…”