Changes in the Infant Mortality Rate in Twin Towns of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Oliveira, Heluza M.; Wendland, Eliana Márcia

doi:10.3390/children9111662

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We found that all CA countries have successfully decreased their IMR from relatively high levels, with Kazakhstan having the lowest rate in 2000 and 2020. Our results suggest that socioeconomic indicators, such as total unemployment, Gini index, current health expenditure, GDP, the proportion of people living in poverty, and births by 15–19-year-old mothers, were associated with increased infant mortality rates in Kazakhstan, which is consistent with findings from other studies conducted in middle-income countries [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Higher national income and increased public health expenditure have been found to significantly improve health outcomes and reduce infant mortality rates [ 34 , 35 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Infant Mortality Trends and Determinants in Kazakhstan

et al. 2023

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Infant mortality rate (IMR) is a crucial indicator of healthcare performance and a reflection of a country’s socioeconomic development. We analyzed the trends of IMR in Central Asia (CA) countries and its determinants in Kazakhstan, which is a middle-income country. Linear regression was used for IMR trend analysis in CA countries from 2000 to 2020 and for exploring associations between IMR and socioeconomic factors, health service-related factors, and population health indicators-related factors. A gamma generalized linear model was applied to define associations with various determinants. Our analysis revealed that IMR has decreased in all CA countries, with Kazakhstan having the lowest rate in 2000 and 2020. Our results suggest that socioeconomic indicators, such as total unemployment, Gini index, current health expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP), proportion of people living in poverty, and births by 15–19-year-old mothers, were associated with increased infant mortality rates. Improving socioeconomic conditions, investing in healthcare systems, reducing poverty and income inequality, and improving access to education, are all potential issues for further development. Addressing these factors may be critical for improving maternal and child health outcomes in the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Infant Mortality Trends and Determinants in Kazakhstan

et al. 2023

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“…Validating these ndings, Oliveira & Wendland presented a positive association between economic aspects, such as the Gini index, and infant mortality rates [20]. Additionally, particularly regarding the availability of professionals in primary health care, despite lower coverage, Russo and colleagues suggest in their research that an increase of one primary care physician per 10,000 inhabitants was associated with 7.08 fewer infant deaths per 10,000 live births.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of the Previne Brasil Program in prenatal care and maternal-child mortality

Arato,

Probst,

Guerra

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Brazil has witnessed a significant reduction in maternal-child mortality with the establishment of the Unified Health System. However, the rates remain high and should be mitigated through effective public policies that comprehend the factors involved in these elevated rates. Objective: To investigate the impact of prenatal care on the reduction of maternal-child mortality in Brazilian municipalities following the new financing model of Primary Health Care, the Previne Brasil program. Methods: This study comprised a nationwide cross-sectional observational analysis, utilizing secondary data from the Brazilian public health system. Medians of maternal mortality, infant mortality, and prenatal care rates were calculated for Brazilian municipalities from 2016 to 2022. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between independent variables (primary care coverage, population, Gross Domestic Product, and Gini index) and outcomes (variation in maternal and infant death rates). Raw and adjusted odds ratios were estimated, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: Prenatal care rates increased by 86.7%, while maternal death rates decreased by 30.9%, with no significant association between them (p>0.05). Region, primary care coverage, municipal GDP, and population showed significant associations (p<0.05) with the variation in maternal death rates. The Southern region had a higher chance of reducing maternal death rates. No significant association was found between an increase in prenatal care rates and a decrease in infant death rates (p>0.05). The country's region, primary care coverage, population, and Gini index were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the variation in infant death rates, with a greater chance of reduction in more populous municipalities and in the Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions. Conclusion: The Previne Brasil Program led to an increase in prenatal care consultations in Brazilian municipalities but did not significantly impact the reduction of maternal-child mortality.

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The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in the indigenous people of Brazil

Andrade,

Nzundu,

Rodrigues

et al. 2024

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in the indigenous people of BrazilDear Editor, Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis have heterogeneous clinical presentations and both negatively impact quality of life. [1][2][3][4] We aimed to determine the prevalence of AD and psoriasis in a large Brazilian database created for the surveillance of morbidities and demographic data from Brazilian indigenous people.The Information Systems for Indigenous Health Care (SIASI) version 4.0, 5 a Brazilian national system responsible for grouping 34 Brazilian Sanitary Indigenous Districts (DSEI), was accessed in January 2023. We searched for active entries from the year 2022 that classified target diseases according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) (Table 1). The diagnoses of AD and psoriasis were made between 2010 and 2022. For comparison purposes, we considered the infant mortality rate as a proxy for socioeconomic status. 6 According to the World Health Organization, infant mortality is classified into three groups: ≥50; from 20 to 49; and <20 infant deaths per 1000 live births.The Yanomami territory, the most remote indigenous area in Brazil, 7 was compared to the DSEIs situated in the Southeast and the South regions, in the most urbanized and developed states and cities of Brazil. 8 All prevalence rates were presented per 10,000 indigenous people. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.1.2 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). The study was approved by the Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesqusisa (CONEP) (Reference code CAAE: 30638920.0.0000.0008).We examined data from 775,995 Brazilian indigenous people living in 34 DSEIS and found 15,055 people with AD and 953 with psoriasis. The period prevalence of AD in the total population was 194.0/10,000 (1.9%; 95% CI = 1.9%-1.9%) and for psoriasis it was 12.6/10,000 (0.1%; 95% CI = 0.1%-0.2%) patients (Table 2).For AD, most cases presented in children (n = 9987; 66.34%). The prevalence of AD in the Yanomami DSEI showed a significantly lower prevalence of AD in comparison to the DSEIs located near major urban centres in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil (p < 0.001; Table 2). Most cases of psoriasis were reported in adults (n = 525/55.1%). The Yanomami territory also had a lower prevalence of psoriasis than DSEIs

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Changes in the Infant Mortality Rate in Twin Towns of Brazil: An Ecological Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Infant Mortality Trends and Determinants in Kazakhstan

Infant Mortality Trends and Determinants in Kazakhstan

Association of the Previne Brasil Program in prenatal care and maternal-child mortality

The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in the indigenous people of Brazil

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