Changes in the Neurochemical Composition of Motor Neurons of the Spinal Cord in Mice under Conditions of Space Flight

Porseva, V. V.; Shilkin, V. V.; Strelkov, A. A.; Краснов, И. Б.; Maslyukov, P. M.

doi:10.1007/s10517-017-3609-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is recent evidence that an increased motoneuron size might be a result of swelling due to an excessive influx of calcium ions (Porseva et al . ). Given that calcium buffering capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be major risk factors in motoneuron degeneration (von Lewinski & Keller, ), one can speculate that swelling might thus contribute to calcium‐related pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Interestingly, it is also conceivable that the increase in size can damage the motoneuron by contributing to metabolic stress and energetic overload, exacerbating degenerative processes (Le Masson et al 2014). Furthermore, there is recent evidence that an increased motoneuron size might be a result of swelling due to an excessive influx of calcium ions (Porseva et al 2017). Given that calcium buffering capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be major risk factors in motoneuron degeneration (von Lewinski & Keller, 2005), one can speculate that swelling might thus contribute to calcium-related pathogenesis.…”

Section: Disease-vulnerable Motoneurons: Somatic Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The vulnerability of spinal motoneurons and soma size plasticity in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Dukkipati

Garrett

Elbasiouny

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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α-Motoneuron soma size is correlated with the cell's excitability and function, and has been posited as a plastic property that changes during cellular maturation, injury and disease. This study examined whether α-motoneuron somas change in size over disease progression in the G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a disease characterized by progressive motoneuron death. We used 2D- and 3D-morphometric analysis of motoneuron size and measures of cell density at four key disease stages: neonatal (P10 - with earliest known disease changes); young adult (P30 - presymptomatic with early motoneuron death); symptom onset (P90 - with death of 70-80% of motoneurons); and end-stage (P120+ - with full paralysis of hindlimbs). We additionally examined differences in lumbar vs. sacral vs. cervical motoneurons; in motoneurons from male vs. female mice; and in fast vs. slow motoneurons. We present the first evidence of plastic changes in the soma size of spinal α-motoneurons occurring throughout different stages of ALS with profound effects on motoneuron excitability. Somatic changes are time dependent and are characterized by early-stage enlargement (P10 and P30); no change around symptom onset; and shrinkage at end-stage. A key finding in the study indicates that disease-vulnerable motoneurons exhibit increased soma sizes (P10 and P30). This pattern was confirmed across spinal cord regions, genders and motoneuron types. This extends the theory of motoneuron size-based vulnerability in ALS: not only are larger motoneurons more vulnerable to death in ALS, but are also enlarged further in the disease. Such information is valuable for identifying ALS pathogenesis mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Disease-vulnerable Motoneurons: Somatic Enlargementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vulnerability of spinal motoneurons and soma size plasticity in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Dukkipati

Garrett

Elbasiouny

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In general, increased Ca 2+ is considered beneficial to neuronal activity, providing this increase is moderate and controlled. In recent studies, the number of calbindin immunoreactive neurons in the mouse spinal cord increased after space flight and hindlimb unloading (Porseva et al, 2017; Porseva et al, 2018), whereas labeling for calretinin decreased following hindlimb unloading (Porseva et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic analysis of neural stem cells after space flight and simulated microgravity on earth

Han

Zeger

Tripathi

et al. 2021

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Understanding how stem cells adapt to space flight conditions is fundamental for human space missions and extraterrestrial settlement. We analyzed gene expression in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs), which are attractive for regenerative medicine by their ability to promote proliferation and survival of cocultured and co‐implanted cells. BCs were launched to space (space exposed cells) (SEC), onboard sounding rocket MASER 14 as free‐floating neurospheres or in a bioprinted scaffold. For comparison, BCs were placed in a random positioning machine (RPM) to simulate microgravity on earth (RPM cells) or were cultured under control conditions in the laboratory. Using next‐generation RNA sequencing and data post‐processing, we discovered that SEC upregulated genes related to proliferation and survival, whereas RPM cells upregulated genes associated with differentiation and inflammation. Thus, (i) space flight provides unique conditions with distinctly different effects on the properties of BC compared to earth controls, and (ii) the space flight exposure induces postflight properties that reinforce the utility of BC for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

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“…The changes in neural cells' morphology, biochemistry and genes expression under space flight conditions are widely accepted (Honda et al, 2012 ; Pani et al, 2013 ; Ranjan et al, 2014 ; Tsybko et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Porseva et al, 2017 ). Among the most significant differentially expressed genes in PF snails are the neuronal specific precursors of neuropeptides, neurotransmitter receptor subunits, and other genes involved in cell signaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Changes in the Vestibular System of Land Snail to a 30-Day Spaceflight and Readaptation on Return to Earth

Aseyev

Vinarskaya

Roshchin

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The vestibular system receives a permanent influence from gravity and reflexively controls equilibrium. If we assume gravity has remained constant during the species' evolution, will its sensory system adapt to abrupt loss of that force? We address this question in the land snail Helix lucorum exposed to 30 days of near weightlessness aboard the Bion-M1 satellite, and studied geotactic behavior of postflight snails, differential gene expressions in statocyst transcriptome, and electrophysiological responses of mechanoreceptors to applied tilts. Each approach revealed plastic changes in the snail's vestibular system assumed in response to spaceflight. Absence of light during the mission also affected statocyst physiology, as revealed by comparison to dark-conditioned control groups. Readaptation to normal tilt responses occurred at ~20 h following return to Earth. Despite the permanence of gravity, the snail responded in a compensatory manner to its loss and readapted once gravity was restored.

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Changes in the Neurochemical Composition of Motor Neurons of the Spinal Cord in Mice under Conditions of Space Flight

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

The vulnerability of spinal motoneurons and soma size plasticity in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The vulnerability of spinal motoneurons and soma size plasticity in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Molecular genetic analysis of neural stem cells after space flight and simulated microgravity on earth

Adaptive Changes in the Vestibular System of Land Snail to a 30-Day Spaceflight and Readaptation on Return to Earth

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