Changes in the Nitrogen Reserves of Apple Shoots During the Dormant Season

O’Kennedy, B. T.; Hennerty, M. J.; Titus, John S.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1975.11514641

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…However, protein was still the main form of stored N in our almond trees ( Figure 1C). These results agree with those reported for apple (Tromp, 1970;O'Kennedy et al, 1975;Kang and Titus, 1980) and poplar (Coleman et al, 1991). In contrast, other research has shown that soluble compounds, including amino acids, are the main storage form of N for apple (Oland, 1959), peach (Taylor and May, 1967), and pear (Taylor et al, 1975).…”

Section: Free Amino Acids and Total Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Based on those studies, free amino acids would appear to be the primary source of nitrogenous reserves. However, more evidence suggests that protein may be the main form of N storage in the dormant tissues of apple and poplar trees (Tromp, 1970;Tromp and Ovaa, 1971;Shim et al, 1973;O'Kennedy et al, 1975;Kang and Titus, 1980;Titus and Kang, 1982;Kang et al, 1982;Coleman et al, 1991). Nevertheless, no tests had yet been reported on identifying the main form of storage N (protein v free amino acid) in young almond trees.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Free arginine has been found to be the principal constituent of extracts from dormant apple (Oland, 1959;O'Kennedy et al, 1975), peach (Taylor and May, 1967;Taylor and van den Ende, 1969), and poplar (Sagisaka, 1974). It is also the predominant amino acid in the proteins of apple trees with high levels of stored nitrogen (Tromp and Ovaa, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Soil and foliar nitrogen supply affects the composition of nitrogen and carbohydrates in young almond trees

Cheng

Fuchigami

2004

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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Section: Free Amino Acids and Total Amino Acidssupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Soil and foliar nitrogen supply affects the composition of nitrogen and carbohydrates in young almond trees

Cheng

Fuchigami

2004

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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“…The rapid drop in extractable proteins and storage proteins in bark at the onset of growth confirmed the work of Tromp (1970) and O'Kennedy et al (1975), who proposed that proteins function as overwintering reserves of nitrogen, which is mobilized from the leaves (it is supposed to derive from the degradation of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, the light-harvesting proteins and the chlorophylls) before leaf abscission, and act as major sources of nitrogenous compounds for the growing tissues in spring.…”

Section: Vegetative Storage Protein Contentsupporting

confidence: 65%

Clonal variation in apical growth and content in vegetative storage proteins in Populus

Langheinrich

1993

Trees

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Summary.Apical shoot growth and storage protein content in various poplar species and clones were followed in trees growing in the field and in micropropagated plants cultivated in the growth chamber under a controlled environment. In autumn a 32 kD and a 36 kD vegetative storage protein accumulate in wood, bark and roots of poplar and comprise together about 25% of the soluble proteins. In spring, at the time of dormancy break, the storage proteins are degraded and 3 weeks after budburst these proteins are no longer immunologically detectable. As in autumn, short day exposure of black cottonwood plants (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray) induces cessation of apical growth and accumulation of the 32 kD and 36 kD vegetative storage proteins in all clones studied. In order to simulate spring conditions, short day induced plants were transferred back to long days. Like the situation in spring, budburst and storage protein degradation occurred considerably earlier in clone 9/60 than in clone Muhle Larsen. The latter clone accumulates both in winter and after short day exposure more storage proteins than the former. Furthermore two P. trichocarpa clones differ qualitatively in storage protein content: they possess an additional 34 kD polypeptide which cross-reacts with the anti-32 kD antibody. In conclusion, apical shoot growth and the capacity to synthesize storage proteins can be easily followed in micropropagated poplar cultivated in the growth chamber under inducing photoperiods. This offers the major advantage of independence from the annual growth cycle. Within one species considerable clonal variance in storage protein content and in the induction times needed for dormancy and dormancy break were observed. The suitability of storage protein content and apical growth as early selection traits in breeding programs focusing on nitrogen efficient poplar and clones adapted to specific latitudes will be discussed.

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“…In woody plants, seasonal nitrogen cycling also goes hand-in-hand with the alternation between growth and dormancy periods and reflects metabolic requirements during developmental changes (Cooke and Weih 2005;O'Kennedy et al 1975;Tromp 1970). Amino acids such as asparagine, glutamine, arginine and proline, as well as specific soluble proteins harboring characteristics of vegetative storage proteins accumulate during the over wintering period and are readily mobilized during spring regrowth in herbaceaous perennials (Dhont et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) of contrasted growth phenotypes

Dhont

Bertrand

Castonguay

et al. 2011

Trees

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The present study documents the changes occurring at the biochemical level in white spruce trees (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) with contrasted growth phenotypes during the summer period. Full-siblings of tall versus small spruces were grown under controlled conditions at constant day/night temperatures (24/15°C) and exposed to a decreasing photoperiod (15.7-12.2 h) simulating natural photoperiod reduction during the summer in eastern Canada. Growth parameters (stem height and tree biomass) were determined and non structural carbohydrates, soluble proteins and amino acids were quantified in current-year needles and stem, oldest stem and roots from mid-July until the end of September 2006. Sucrose was the main soluble sugar found in all organs, but its concentrations did not significantly change during the summer. In contrast, starch concentrations rapidly declined by the end of the experiment, especially in needles and stems. Both sucrose and starch did not generally differ between growth phenotypes. Total soluble protein significantly accumulated by mid-August (14.4 h of photoperiod) in small trees. Arginine and glutamine were the most abundant amino acids found in spruce organs, and their concentrations strongly increased at 14.4 h of photoperiod, especially in small trees. Our results highlight marked differences in nitrogen metabolism in late summer between contrasted growth phenotypes, especially for arginine, an amino acid typically associated with growth arrest and nitrogen reserve in perennial species. They also reveal that old stems and roots are important storage organs of organic reserves.

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Changes in the Nitrogen Reserves of Apple Shoots During the Dormant Season

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Soil and foliar nitrogen supply affects the composition of nitrogen and carbohydrates in young almond trees

Soil and foliar nitrogen supply affects the composition of nitrogen and carbohydrates in young almond trees

Clonal variation in apical growth and content in vegetative storage proteins in Populus

Changes of carbon and nitrogen metabolites in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) of contrasted growth phenotypes

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