Changes in Trace Elements during Follicular Atresia in Goat (Capra hircus) Ovary

Abstract

Quantitative analysis of follicular fluid and granulosa cells from small, medium and large antral atretic follicles of goat (Capra hircus) ovaries was conducted to study the alterations in trace elements viz zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). The zinc content was lower in the follicular fluid (0.993 ± 0.001, 0.935 ± 0.002, 1.321 ± 0.001 μg/ml) and granulosa cells (0.867 ± 0.002, 0.801 ± 0.001, 1.073 ± 0.002 μg/mg) of small, medium, and large antral atretic follicles respectively than their respective controls. Copper quantity was higher in the follicular fluid (0.113 ± 0.001, [Formula: see text], 0.224 ± 0.001 μg/ml) and granulosa cells (0.094 ± 0.001, 0.114 ± 0.001, 0.182 ± 0.001 μg/mg) from small, medium, and large antral atretic follicles respectively than their respective controls. Similarly, iron and manganese was also found higher in the follicular fluid and granulosa cells of small, medium, and large antral atretic follicles than their respective controls. The present study provides the basic data on trace elements that can be safely used as atretic marker and will find use in in vitro studies for fertility improvement plan. Thus, help in elevating the number of ovulations and screening of follicles to enhance the success rate in vivo and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology.

Hatching enzymes disrupt aberrant gonadal degeneration by the autophagy/apoptosis cell fate decision

“…Our work demonstrated the prevalence of several autophagic genes in AcHE1b expressing atretic oocytes. Since AcHE s are localized in the inner periphery of the chorion, and autophagic genes are specifically expressed in cell organelles, we presumed that some intermediary ion channel 9, 40 or chemical cue (possibly responsive to different AcHE concentrations) is crucial for the induction of autophagy. Reversion of AcHE1b OV related autophagic effect by intracellular Zn +2 ion chelator, further strengthens the above hypothesis and also suggests that AcHE1b might be essential for zinc ion mediated autophagy maintenance in oocytes 41–43 .…”

“…It is important to note that the addition of calcium (Ca +2 ) increased the germ cell survivability in medaka, reared at HT (unpublished data). The involvement of trace elements in autophagy 8, 9, 40 and fewer cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites 37 in AcHE1b , suggests that the HE s differentially trigger the uni/bidirectional ion flow and influence the cell elimination fate. Due to the differential steroid responsive transcription of AcHE , it is acceptable to assume that apoptosis/autophagy cell fate decision greatly depends on the alternatively splicing of HEs.…”

“…Moreover, intra- and extracellular ion homeostasis of several divalent cations (Zn, Ca, etc.) have been reported to alter cellular atresia 8, 9 . Several metalloproteinases/choriolytic genes (ovastacin, hatching enzyme (HE), etc.)…”

In Vivo Attenuation of Alcohol- and Cadmium Chloride–Induced Testicular Toxicity Modulated by Silymarin in Male Wistar Rat

“…The consumption of alcohol has always been part of daily life in many societies and it will always continue to be so in the future. However, the World Health Organization has shown that alcohol intake represents the third largest risk factor for disease burden especially in highincome countries, behind only hypertension and smoking, both of which are also related to alcohol misuse [9]. Ethanol is among one of the most widely abused drug which can both suppress reproductive function and sexual behavior as observed in laboratory animals and humans.…”

Effect of in vitro copper supplementation on granulosa cell estradiol synthesis and associated genes

“…Copper (Cu) is essential trace element to maintaining the functioning of living organisms (Yunus et al, 2015). In in vitro studies, it was reported that potential use of Cu as atretic marker and for fertility improvement plans (Bhardwaj and Sharma, 2011). It was also reported that complexes of copper (Cu 2+ ) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) are even more effective in the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) than native GnRH (Michaluk and Kochman, 2007).…”