“…Our results corroborate the findings of previous studies, reporting reductions in sperm motility and sperm velocity parameters after exposure to Cd or Cu in humans (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2010), rabbit (Roychoudhury & Massanyi, 2008), turkey (Slanina, Miškeje, Petrovičová, Lukáč, & Massányi, 2015), common carp (Chyb, Sokolowska-Mikolajczyk, Kime, Socha, & Epler, 2001) and African catfish (Kime, Ebrahimi, Nysten, Roelants, & Ollevier, 1996). Mukhopadhyay et al (2010) found a significant decline in VCL and STR in a tobacco-exposed group, whereas a heavy metal-exposed group had a significant reduced VCL and ALH.…”