The sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L Lam) is a famine crop with great potentials to supply energy and curb hidden hunger in developing countries. It is the only major root crop (often used as vegetable) with four nutrients that exceed 10% of the recommended daily amount (vitamin A/beta carotene; vitamin C; Fiber and potassium) Commendable research efforts have been dedicated to developing improved varieties of sweet potatoes for pest resistance; yield; stress tolerance; dry matter content; carotenoids (xanthophyll and pro-vitamin A) and mineral content. This paper presents an update on the research status on sweet potatoes and highlights areas for further research for the sustainable use of this cheap source of bioenergy and nutrients as a food security crop. Bio-fortification rather than transgenic research methods has been found to be more suitable for the incorporation of novel nutrients into the crop. Factors that affect the nutrient density and yield of sweet potatoes include: soil nutrient management practices, vine pruning and planting distances. Although they have seeds, sweet potatoes are better propagated with vine cuttings. The level of adoption of orange fleshed sweet potatoes is still low and the problems of seasonality, high costs of good quality planting materials, diversification of value added products and complexity of the production technique for the rural farmer need to be addressed. This crop requires improved research efforts for sustainable food security in developing countries.