Changes of acetylcholinesterase activity in different rat brain areas following intoxication with nerve agents: Biochemical and histochemical study

Bajgar, Jiří; Hájek, Petr; Slížová, D; Krs, Otakar; Fusek, J.; Kuča, Kamil; Jun, Daniel; Bartošová, Lucie; Blaha, V.

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2006.10.006

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, AChE levels, which mediate OP neurotoxicity in the cholinergic pathways, vary in different areas of the brain. High free radical levels and deficient antioxidant defence mechanisms make specific brain regions more susceptible to OP neurotoxicity (18)(19)(20). Although the 3-NT level in our study increased in the fore, mid-and hindbrain relative to dose, statistically that increase was not significant between the treated groups in the mid-and hindbrain regions.…”

Section: Guvenç D Et Al 3-nt In Dichlorvos-induced Neurotoxicitycontrasting

confidence: 76%

3-nitrotyrosine levels in dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity

Güvenç

Aksoy

Kursad

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this study was to evaluate dichlorvos toxicity in terms of nitro-oxidative stress by determining 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in the fore, mid, and hindbrain regions in acutely exposed rats. Male SpragueDawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups of eight. Group 1 was administered a single intraperitoneal dichlorvos dose of 1.8 mg kg -1 (0.1xLD 50 ) and group 2 a dose of 9 mg kg -1 (0.5xLD 50 ). The control group received 0.5 mL saline solution via the same route. 3-NT and tyrosine (TYR) levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) and expressed as a ratio of 3-NT to TYR. The 3-NT/1000 TYR ratios increased significantly in the fore-, mid-and hindbrains of the exposed groups compared to control (p<0.01). In the forebrain, the increase was also significant between the treated groups. Our study has confirmed that acute exposure to dichlorvos leads to nitro-oxidative stress in the brain and that 3-NT may play a role in the mechanism of dichlorvos neurotoxicity.

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Section: Guvenç D Et Al 3-nt In Dichlorvos-induced Neurotoxicitycontrasting

confidence: 76%

3-nitrotyrosine levels in dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity

Güvenç

Aksoy

Kursad

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…It appears from our results that AChE activity in these structures is influenced differently following tabun intoxication and its treatment. Non-uniform AChE inhibition in different brain structures following untreated intoxication with nerve agents in rats and guinea-pigs 3,20,21,23,24 has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…the septal nuclei, thalamus, cortex, and hippocampus 21 . AChE activity in these structures is very different, varying from high to low activity 20,22 . It appears from our results that AChE activity in these structures is influenced differently following tabun intoxication and its treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of tabun-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase reactivation by three oximes (HI-6, obidoxime, and K048) in vivo detected by biochemical and histochemical techniques

Bajgar

Hájek

Zdarova

et al. 2010

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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“…It is believed that toxicity differences among them are partially due to differentiated AChE inhibitions in different parts of the brain. 116 VR is not listed on Table 2, but recent studies have shown few differences between the in vitro toxicities of VX and VR, although the former is a bit more toxic. 117 All nerve agents present optical isomery: tabun, sarin, cyclosarin, VX and VR have one chiral phosphorus atom each, while soman has an additional stereocenter at a carbon atom of the pinacolyl group.…”

Section: Opcs As Chemical Warfare Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents: a review

Delfino¹,

Ribeiro²,

Figueroa‐Villar³

2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

231

178

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Os agentes de guerra química constituem uma das maiores ameaças do mundo moderno. Dentre estes, destacam-se os agentes neurotóxicos, em virtude de sua alta letalidade e periculosidade. Eles são compostos organofosforados que atuam pela inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase, a qual é fundamental no processo de transmissão de impulsos nervosos. Existem várias formas de tratamento para a intoxicação por organofosforados, mas nenhuma delas é eficaz contra todos os agentes conhecidos ou contra todos os seus efeitos. Esta revisão tem como foco o uso de compostos organofosforados como agentes neurotóxicos de guerra química. Após uma breve introdução histórica, será feita uma discussão sobre as principais características estruturais e biológicas da acetilcolinesterase, seguida por uma revisão das propriedades dos compostos organofosforados e da sua aplicação como agentes de guerra química. Por fim, serão discutidas as formas de tratamento contra estes agentes, com ênfase nas oximas usadas para reativar a acetilcolinesterase inibida.Chemical warfare agents constitute one of the greatest threats in the modern world. Among them, the neurotoxic agents are of special interest due to their high lethality and danger. Neurotoxic agents are organophosphorus compounds that act by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is fundamental for the control of transmission of nervous impulses. There are several ways of treating intoxication by organophosphorus compounds, but none of them is efficient against all the known neurotoxic agents or against all of their effects. This review focus on the use of organophosphorus compounds as neurotoxic chemical warfare agents. After a brief historical introduction, it will be done a discussion about the structural and biological characteristics of acetylcholinesterase, followed by a review of the properties of organophosphorus compounds and their application as chemical warfare agents. Finally, the ways of treatment against intoxication with these agents will be discussed, with emphasis on the oximes used for reactivating the inhibited acetylcholinesterase.

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Changes of acetylcholinesterase activity in different rat brain areas following intoxication with nerve agents: Biochemical and histochemical study

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

3-nitrotyrosine levels in dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity

3-nitrotyrosine levels in dichlorvos-induced neurotoxicity

A comparison of tabun-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase reactivation by three oximes (HI-6, obidoxime, and K048) in vivo detected by biochemical and histochemical techniques

Organophosphorus compounds as chemical warfare agents: a review

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