Changes of macrophage and CD4+ T cell in inflammatory response in type 1 diabetic mice

Abstract

Immune cells play an important role in the development of inflammation in type 1 diabetes mellitus, so we want to explore the changes of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in vivo, which can provide an experimental basis for immunotherapy based on CD4+ T cells and macrophages. The intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin was used to induce a type 1 diabetes mellitus mouse model; the blood glucose, body weight, and the expression of inflammatory factors in the kidney were measured. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine and analyze the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in the spleen, pancreas, and kidney. The subtypes of macrophages in the kidney and CD4+ T cells in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our study suggests that CD4+ T cells and macrophages increase, while the inflammatory immune response system is activated in the development of T1DM. CD4+ T cells positively correlated with macrophages in the pancreas and kidney of T1DM. CD4+ T cells turn to pro-inflammatory subtypes in the spleen of T1DM, while macrophages turn to pro-inflammatory subtypes in the kidney of T1DM. Therefore, regulation of CD4+ T cells and macrophages may be a potential target for T1DM and kidney complications.

Twenty years of islet-on-a-chip: microfluidic tools for dissecting islet metabolism and function

“…CD4 + T-cells and macrophages trigger an inflammatory response in the pancreas that drives the progression of T1D. 10 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease resulting from increased insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction ultimately leading to poor insulin secretion. T2D is also related to inflammation where T-cells and macrophages are involved in releasing various cytokines and reactive oxygen species to promote pathogenic effects.…”

TRP Ion Channels in Immune Cells and Their Implications for Inflammation

“…Acute inflammation refers to a transient response lasting only a few days, whereas chronic inflammation denotes a prolonged reaction. A prominent characteristic of inflammation is the accumulation and/or infiltration of immune cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) at the site of injury, recruited from the circulation system through the continuous release of chemotactic factors by damaged tissues [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Pro-inflammatory factors encompass viruses, bacteria, physical trauma, injury, chemical agents, inappropriate immunological responses, and tissue necrosis.…”