Changes of phenolic secondary metabolite profiles in the reaction of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) plants to infections with Colletotrichum lupini fungus or treatment with its toxin

Abstract

Plant interactions with environmental factors cause changes in the metabolism and regulation of biochemical and physiological processes. Plant defense against pathogenic microorganisms depends on an innate immunity system that is activated as a result of infection. There are two mechanisms of triggering this system: basal immunity activated as a result of a perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns through pattern recognition receptors situated on the cell surface and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). An induced biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites, in particular phytoalexins, is one of the mechanisms of plant defense to fungal infection. Results of the study on narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) plants infected with the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum lupini and treated with fungal phytotoxic metabolites are described in the paper. The C. lupini phytotoxins were isolated from liquid cultures, purified and partially characterized with physicochemical methods. Accumulation of secondary metabolites on leaf surface and within the tissues of plants either infected, treated with the fungal phytotoxin or submitted to both treatments was studied using GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively. Substantial differences in isoflavone aglycones and glycoconjugate profiles occurred in response to different ways of plant treatment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-012-0475-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Achievements and Challenges in Legume Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance

“…Although large-scale, comprehensive metabolomic studies have only begun to be applied to study disease and pest resistance, many studies aimed to characterize a specific subset of metabolites in response to biotic stresses. Most of these studies targeted the phenylpropanoid pathway that contains many defense related molecules which indicated a prominent role of flavonoid related compounds in the defense reaction of lupin, alfalfa, soybean, and L. japonicus (Baldridge et al, 1998;Shimada et al, 2000;Lozovaya et al, 2004;Saunders and O'Neill, 2004;Lygin et al, 2009;Muth et al, 2009;Morkunas et al, 2010;Wojakowska et al, 2013) and several examples have demonstrated their potential to increase resistance levels to disease by genetic transformation (He and Dixon, 2000;Wu and VanEtten, 2004;Lozovaya et al, 2005). In addition, several reports indicated the emission of volatile compounds in response to spider mites in L. japonicus and lima bean, and demonstrated an important role of these molecules as chemo attractant of predators and as defense inducer in neighboring plants (Ozawa et al, 2000a(Ozawa et al, , 2000bArimura et al, 2002Arimura et al, , 2004.…”

Metabolomics as a Tool in Agriculture

“…The response of this interaction was characterized focusing on the metabolites of the cuticle using GC-MS (nontargeted study) and on the lavonoids using LC-MS (targeted study). In this case, it was found that there was a higher variation in the kinds of lavonoids when the interaction took place and that variation was more marked in the extract from the plant than in the extract from the fungus [76].…”

Metabolic response of narrow leaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) plants to elicitation and infection with Colletotrichum lupini under field conditions

“…lupini phytotoxic metabolites were isolated, purified and partially characterized using HPLC/MS methods. Unfortunately, we were not able to fully identify their molecular structures (Wojakowska et al 2013). However, it is known that Colletotrichum spp.…”

“…For instance, soybean partial resistance to Fusarium solani seems to be associated with the ability of soybean roots to produce phytoalexin glyceollin in response to fungal infection (Lozovaya et al 2004). Isoflavones and pterocarpans with antimicrobial activity are also synthetized by other plants from the Fabaceae family, namely, medicarpin is produced in Medicago, pisatin in Pisum, and prenylated isoflavones: luteone and wighteone in Lupinus (Ingham et al 1983;Wojakowska et al 2013).…”

“…Changes in the level of isoflavones and their glycosylated derivatives after wounding, the treatment with fungal or yeast elicitors, jasmonic acid or infection with spores of pathogenic fungi were observed (Suzuki et al 2004;Broeckling et al 2005;Naoumkina et al 2007;Farag et al 2008). Studies concerning changes of isoflavonoid secondary metabolites in narrow leaf lupine (L. angustifolius) leaves as the effect plant infection with C. lupini spores and/or elicitation with phytotoxic fungal metabolites were performed previously using plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled environmental conditions (Muth et al 2009;Wojakowska et al 2013). Substantial changes in isoflavone aglycones and glycoconjugate levels in response to different ways of plant treatment were then observed.…”