Changing Paradigms of Seat Belt and Air Bag Injuries: What We Have Learned in the Past 3 Decades

Carter, Patrice R.; Maker, Vijay K.

doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.08.022

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…[ 9 ] has reported higher degree of protection in patients with seatbelt-plus-airbag in comparison to occupants who used seatbelts or airbags alone during the crash. In addition, Carter and Maker[ 10 ] found that the abdominal injuries were more frequent in patients wearing a seat belt than those who were unrestrained. The authors suggested that the sudden deceleration force applied to the mesentery could be the cause of mesenteric tear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seatbelt versus seatbelt and airbag injuries in a single motor vehicle crash

Afifi

El‐Menyar

Al-Thani

et al. 2015

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

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Seatbelt restraints are important for occupant safety which substantially reduces morbidity and mortality in severe motor vehicle crashes (MVC). Though, it has been established that the air bag and seatbelt use reduce injury severity and mortality but still there is limited information on the pattern of injury by restraint type. Herein, we presented two case reports which describe the injury pattern of two patients (both were restrained but only driver had airbag) involved in a single MVC. Both of them had severe traumatic injuries, however, the restrained passenger without airbag, sustained more severe injuries of intestine, kidney and spinal cord. In addition to seatbelt, airbag provides considerable protection against severe blunt abdominal trauma. Therefore, installation of airbags especially for front seat passenger is imperative for minimizing the risk of significant traumatic injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seatbelt versus seatbelt and airbag injuries in a single motor vehicle crash

Afifi

El‐Menyar

Al-Thani

et al. 2015

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the overall consensus is that seat belts are an effective protective device, a vast literature has found evidence for the possibility of seat belt syndrome or seat belt marks on the body in cases where the accident victim suffered lumbar spine fractures, abdominal wall bruising and/or damage to the solid and hollow body organs of the abdomen. Due to the rapid deceleration one experiences during an MVA, the abdominal cavity is forced to wrap around the lap portion of the seat belt, compressing the liver, intestines, and pancreas against the spine (Carter & Maker, 2010). Looking at MVA victims admitted to the hospital, Velmahos et al (1999) find that 17% of those wearing a seat belt had the seat belt mark and that they were eight times more likely to have intra-abdominal trauma.…”

Section: Is the Seat Belt Responsible For The Organ Donor Effects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, seat belts are expected to better protect organs in the chest (heart and lungs) (Carter & Maker, 2010;Rivara et al, 2000;Velmahos et al, 1999) because the alternative without a seat belt is for the chest to strike the 28 Indeed they show that motorcycle helmet laws reduce male organ donation by a much larger magnitude than female organ donation. F I G U R E 6 Event study plots: Specific organs donated [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] steering wheel or other hard objects at full force.…”

Section: Is the Seat Belt Responsible For The Organ Donor Effects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Click it or give it: Increased seat belt law enforcement and organ donation

Brewer

2020

Health Economics

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Laws mandating that individuals wear a seat belt have the presumed goal of reducing motor vehicle accident fatalities, but the prevailing view is that they may reduce the number of organs available. I provide a conceptual model identifying mechanisms whereby the law could either increase or decrease organ donation. Exploiting variation across states and time in the adoption of primary seat belt enforcement, I investigate these mechanisms and estimate the effect of the law on the supply of organs. The law increases seat belt usage and decreases motor vehicle accident fatalities, which translates to a sizeable reduction in the number of motor vehicle accident-based organ donors. In contrast, the law is not associated with changes in the number of organ donors from nonmotor vehicle accident-based sources and is robust to controlling for hospital-specific effects. The effects are concentrated within organs expected to be most negatively impacted by the seat belt. Although primary enforcement represents a net-gain to society in terms of lives saved, the negative impact on organ donation suggests further emphasis be placed on policies aimed at increasing the availability of organs.

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“…Resection for trauma and other benign conditions, such as volvulus and intestinal pseudo-obstruction, are other potential causes for SBS [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. These causes account for approximately 10% of the patients.…”

Section: Causes Of the Short Bowel Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Short Bowel Syndrome and Malabsorption - Causes and Prevention

Thompson¹

2014

Visc Med

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SummaryBackground: The short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a condition caused by extensive intestinal resection for a variety of conditions. The etiology varies by age group. Necrotizing enterocolitis is the leading cause in infants. In older children, trauma and malignancies are most common. Postoperative SBS has become most common in adults, followed by mesenteric vascular disease and cancer/irradiation. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: Prevention of SBS should be given high priority. Each of the etiologies has been evaluated and strategies to prevent extensive resection have been developed. These include a thoughtful approach to reoperation, early identification of complications, e.g. intestinal ischemia, reducing radiation enteritis, and bowel-conserving therapies in diseases such as Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Several operative strategies to prevent SBS are useful. Timing and extent of reoperation need careful consideration. Minimizing intestinal resection, bowel-conserving techniques for complications such as fistula or strictures, and remodeling procedures are important.

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Changing Paradigms of Seat Belt and Air Bag Injuries: What We Have Learned in the Past 3 Decades

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Seatbelt versus seatbelt and airbag injuries in a single motor vehicle crash

Seatbelt versus seatbelt and airbag injuries in a single motor vehicle crash

Click it or give it: Increased seat belt law enforcement and organ donation

Short Bowel Syndrome and Malabsorption - Causes and Prevention

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