Changing Patterns of Sun Protection Between the First and Second Summers for Very Young Children

Benjes, Lori Steinberg; Brooks, Daniel R.; Zhang, Zi; Livstone, Lisa; Sayers, L. Kristi; Powers, Catherine A.; Miller, Donald R.; Heeren, Timothy; Geller, Alan C.

doi:10.1001/archderm.140.8.925

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies of detailed and tailored education programs to mothers of young children (aged 6 and 18 months) have not shown sustained sunprotection practices. In one study, comprehensive sun protection began to decrease at a much earlier age than previously reported [38]. The findings from this study have brought to light a critical period when comprehensive sun protection starts to wane and skin damage in very young children begins to increase [38].…”

Section: Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The findings from this study have brought to light a critical period when comprehensive sun protection starts to wane and skin damage in very young children begins to increase [38]. Safe sun strategies should embrace multiple methods of sun protection, especially shading, and must be taught as part of routine preventive health care, in school settings, and likely emphasized again in preadolescent and adolescent years, when such sun protection habits are known to deteriorate [38,39]. Nevertheless, the future in sun protection may be brighter because one randomized controlled trial of a broad-spectrum SPF30 sunscreen in children showed that the sunscreen group developed fewer nevi, a surrogate endpoint for melanoma risk [40].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In one study, comprehensive sun protection began to decrease at a much earlier age than previously reported [38]. The findings from this study have brought to light a critical period when comprehensive sun protection starts to wane and skin damage in very young children begins to increase [38]. Safe sun strategies should embrace multiple methods of sun protection, especially shading, and must be taught as part of routine preventive health care, in school settings, and likely emphasized again in preadolescent and adolescent years, when such sun protection habits are known to deteriorate [38,39].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Epidemiology and prevention of cutaneous melanoma

Demierre

2006

Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol.

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Melanoma incidence has continued to increase in all white populations, and mortality from melanoma remains high in older men worldwide. In Australia, Europe, and the United States, a substantial number of thick melanomas in older men are of the nodular subtype, a subtype lacking asymmetry or color change. Educating the public and professionals about the significance of evolving pigmented lesions as emphasized in the revised ABCDE of pigmented lesions is relevant. Targeting screening efforts toward older men will be necessary to decrease worldwide melanoma mortality. Among prevention strategies, emphasizing multiple methods of sun protection in early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood is needed to decrease sunburn rates. Chemoprevention research in melanoma should become a research priority to complement ongoing prevention strategies.

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Section: Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Epidemiology and prevention of cutaneous melanoma

Demierre

2006

Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol.

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“…Unfortunately, studies have shown that increased knowledge, especially among adolescents and young adults, often fails to alter tanning behavior and attitudes. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] It has been suggested anecdotally for years that one reason tanning is so popular is that UV light is addictive. [20][21][22] Many adolescents who regularly tan indoors self-report difficulty in quitting tanning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UV light abuse and high-risk tanning behavior among undergraduate college students

Poorsattar¹,

Hornung²

2007

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

148

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“…It is, however, reasonable to expect that skin-cancer prevention be discussed on at least a few visits during the course of a pediatrician's long-term relationship with a child and his or her family. Because parents' comprehensive sunprotection practices for children start to decline when children are very young, 230 it is important to begin discussions early in the child's life. Discussions are especially important for children at high risk of developing skin cancer-children with light skin, those with nevi and/or freckling, and those with a family history of melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Balk¹

2011

Pediatrics

252

141

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Sunlight sustains life on earth. Sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The sun's ultraviolet rays can be hazardous, however, because excessive exposure causes skin cancer and other adverse health effects. Skin cancer is a major public health problem; more than 2 million new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes the 3 major forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Exposure to UVR from sunlight and artificial sources early in life elevates the risk of developing skin cancer. Approximately 25% of sun exposure occurs before 18 years of age. The risk of skin cancer is increased when people overexpose themselves to sun and intentionally expose themselves to artificial sources of UVR. Public awareness of the risk is not optimal, compliance with sun protection is inconsistent, and skin-cancer rates continue to rise in all age groups including the younger population. People continue to sunburn, and teenagers and adults are frequent visitors to tanning parlors. Sun exposure and vitamin D status are intertwined. Adequate vitamin D is needed for bone health in children and adults. In addition, there is accumulating information suggesting a beneficial influence of vitamin D on various health conditions. Cutaneous vitamin D production requires sunlight, and many factors complicate the efficiency of vitamin D production that results from sunlight exposure. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy while promoting sun-protection strategies, therefore, requires renewed attention to evaluating the adequacy of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. Daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D will prevent vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. The vitamin D supplementation amounts necessary to support optimal health in older children and adolescents are less clear. This report updates information on the relationship of sun exposure to skin cancer and other adverse health effects, the relationship of exposure to artificial sources of UVR and skin cancer, sun-protection methods, vitamin D, community skincancer-prevention efforts, and the pediatrician's role in preventing skin cancer. In addition to pediatricians' efforts, a sustained public health effort is needed to change attitudes and behaviors regarding UVR exposure. Pediatrics 2011;127:e791-e817 BACKGROUND Sunlight sustains life on earth. The sun provides warmth, is needed for photosynthesis, drives biorhythms, and promotes feelings of well-being, and sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in skin.Sophie J. Balk, MD, and the COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH and SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY

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Changing Patterns of Sun Protection Between the First and Second Summers for Very Young Children

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Epidemiology and prevention of cutaneous melanoma

Epidemiology and prevention of cutaneous melanoma

UV light abuse and high-risk tanning behavior among undergraduate college students

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

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