Changing the Police. The Impossible Dream?

Germann, A. C.

doi:10.2307/1142187

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Encounters with surveillance and the police were not limited to moments of protest, but were pervasive in the barrio of East LA on a daily basis as a result of racial profiling and over-policing – practices extending from anti-Mexican American prejudice that was amplified during and after the ‘Zoot Suit’ riots of the 1940s. In 1972, for example, there were approximately 3 police per square mile in the West Valley area, a 95 percent Anglo surname population, and 13 police per square mile in East LA, home to a 50–60 percent Spanish surname population (Germann, 1972: 420). Valdez, reflecting on the ways this landscape limited her mobility, recalled, ‘because of the way we looked, I must have gotten stopped by the cops twenty-five times in one year alone in my neighborhood’ (Burnham, 1987: 58).…”

Section: Contexts and Circumstances Of ‘Misfires’mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Valdez, reflecting on the ways this landscape limited her mobility, recalled, ‘because of the way we looked, I must have gotten stopped by the cops twenty-five times in one year alone in my neighborhood’ (Burnham, 1987: 58). Over-policing not only put East LA residents at greater risk for field interrogations, but also led to a disproportionate number of arrests, as evidenced by the 10,000 drunk-driving arrests in East LA compared to 1,500 in West LA in 1972 (Germann, 1972: 420). These geographically discrepant crime rates seemingly corroborated stereotypes of Mexican deviance and criminality portrayed in film and reported in the news, that were also domesticated in consumer culture as seen in Frito-Lay Corporation’s personification of the gun-toting Frito Bandito (Noriega, 2000: 35–50).…”

Section: Contexts and Circumstances Of ‘Misfires’mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asco, Chris Burden, and the Politics of the Misfire

Gleisser¹

2018

Journal of Visual Culture

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This article draws out the ‘politics of the misfire’ as a process constituted in part by discursive articulations of the ‘misuse’ of guns, and in part by mediated visual narratives of criminality cultivated in American visual culture. Specifically, the author examines how the decades-long historiography of artist Chris Burden’s iconic artwork, Shoot (1971), relies upon and perpetuates spatially racialized and gendered notions of innocence and safety. She argues that the conceptual art collective Asco’s theorizing of misfires in response to their vulnerability as Chicanos in America provides a vital framework for recognizing how the neutralized archetype of white masculinity, simultaneously innocent and lawless, animates and sustains the legacy of Shoot. Through consideration of geographies of cumulative vulnerability, access to resources, and systemic racism this article links processes of art historical canonization to discriminatory practices that structurally oppress people of color in the United States.

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Section: Contexts and Circumstances Of ‘Misfires’mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contexts and Circumstances Of ‘Misfires’mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asco, Chris Burden, and the Politics of the Misfire

Gleisser¹

2018

Journal of Visual Culture

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“…Most of the extensive literature concerning the "professionalization" of police advocates increasing levels of educational attainment as essential to that goal (Alex, 1967;American Bar Association, 1974;Bayley & Mendelsohn, 1969;Black, 1968;Bordua & Reiss, 1966;Brandstatter, 1970;Brereton, 1961;Carrington, 1970;Chess, 1960;Chevigny, 1969;Clark, 1971;Cross, 1964;Danish & Brodsky, 1970;Germann, 1967Germann, , 1971Higgins, 1969;Hoover, 1975;Kooken, 1957;Leonard, 1964;Misner, 1963;Myren, 1960;Niederhoffer, 1967;Piliavin, 1973;Roberts, 1961;Rudwick, 1960;Sheehan, 1969;Stoddard, 1968;Whelton, 1971). However, little data exist pertinent to the issue (Schell et al,Note 13), and Hoover (1975) points out that the ways in which performance is expected to improve as a consequence of college education have not been specified.…”

Section: Significance Of Higher Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial-organizational psychology and the police.

Lefkowitz

1977

American Psychologist

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Research data and professional opinion on police and police organisations are reviewed from the perspectives of industrial-organizational psychology. These conclusions appear justified: (a) Security and social needs and the need for a structured leadership environment are significant aspects of occupational choice; (b) police report somewhat lower job satisfaction than other occupational groups; (c) the directive, paramilitary command structure of most police departments coincides with police officers' preferences for that leadership style but masks their considerable discretionary powers; (d) the practice of police personnel administration includes few adequate measures of individual performance or organizational effectiveness; (e) both positive and negative consequences of college education for police officers have 'been observed; (/) the validation of selection tests and other predictors is the most active area of personnel research and represents a movement away from the less empirical"screening out" of the "unfit" on a priori standards; (g) many of those validation studies are methodologically flawed and do not culminate in practical selection procedures that may be implemented; and (h) the origins of modal police personality attributes have not been specified adequately although they are usually ascribed to organizational socialization. Suggestions are made for future research in this field.

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Psychological Attributes of Policemen: A Review of Research and Opinion

Lefkowitz

1975

Journal of Social Issues

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This review focuses primarily on personality characteristics of policemen. The data substantiate, with some qualifications, the existence of a nonpathological “modal police personality.” Methodological weaknesses prevent, however, an assessment of the relative developmental contributions of predisposing self‐selection effects, socioeconomic class determinants, organizational selection and selective attrition, occupational socialization, and role‐specific behaviors.

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Changing the Police. The Impossible Dream?

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Asco, Chris Burden, and the Politics of the Misfire

Asco, Chris Burden, and the Politics of the Misfire

Industrial-organizational psychology and the police.

Psychological Attributes of Policemen: A Review of Research and Opinion

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