Changing trends in circulating rotavirus strains in Pune, western India in 2009–2012: Emergence of a rare G9P[4] rotavirus strain

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the major enteric etiological agents of severe acute gastroenteritis among children globally. As G9 RVA now represents as one of the major human RVA genotypes, studies on full genome of this particular genotype are being carried out worldwide. So far, no such studies on G9P[8] RVAs have been reported from Pune, western part of India. Keeping in view of this, the study was undertaken to understand the degree of genetic diversity of the commonly circulating G9P[8] RVA strains. Rotavirus surveillance studies carried out earlier during the years 2009-2011 showed increase in the prevalence of G9P[8] RVAs. Representative G9P[8] RVA strains from the years 2009, 2010, and 2011 were selected for the study. In general, all the G9 RVA strains showed clustering in the globally circulating sublineage of the VP7 gene and showed nucleotide/amino acid identities of 96.8-99.7%/96.9-99.8% with global G9 RV strains. Full genome analysis, of all three RVAs in this study indicated Wa-like genotype constellation G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. Within the strains nucleotide/amino acid divergence of 0.1-3.4%/0.0-4.1% was noted in all the RVA structural and non-structural genes. In conclusion, the present study highlights intra-genotypic variations throughout the RVA genome. The study further emphasizes the need for surveillance and analysis of the whole genomic constellation of the commonly circulating RVA strains of other regions in the country for understanding to a greater degree of the impact of rotavirus vaccination recently introduced in India.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Full genome analysis of rotavirus G9P[8] strains identified in acute gastroenteritis cases reveals genetic diversity: Pune, western India

Tatte

Chaphekar

Gopalkrishna

2017

“…Of these, G1P[8] alone is responsible for a majority (37.7%) of rotavirus infections . Surveillance studies conducted across India have shown a bulk of rotavirus disease attributable to G1P[8] strains for several years …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, data on complete genomes of G1P[8] strains is limited to three strains isolated from children who suffered from acute gastroenteritis . In studies conducted recently for surveillance of rotavirus diarrheal disease and strains among children from Pune, western India, history of rotavirus vaccination with either of the monovalent or pentavalent vaccines was noted in 10% of the children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis . Rotavirus positivity was significantly higher (47%) in non‐recipients than in recipients (28.3%) of vaccine .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full genomic analysis of G1P[8] rotavirus strains recovered from rotavirus vaccinated and non‐vaccinated children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India

Pradhan

Chitambar

2018

Self Cite

G1P[8] rotaviruses are predominant in causing diarrheal infections in humans all over the world. This study reports the analysis of complete genomes of G1P[8] strains, two each recovered from Rotarix™ vaccine recipients and non-recipients hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India. All four strains showed a genogroup-1 backbone with intra-genotypic diversity in the VP7 and VP4 gene segments and a homogeneous constellation of the internal gene segments. A divergence in the range of 1.4-17.3% from Rotarix™ vaccine strain was revealed by structural and non-structural genes of the strains at nucleotide and amino acid level. These data reflect ability of such G1P[8] strains to cause rotavirus infections in humans.

“…Given the predominant RVA genotype strains, the rare genotype G9P[4], which has been detected worldwide since the 1990 s, is likely a reassortant between two common genotype strains [Matthijnssens et al, ]. However, despite its infrequent appearance in the past decade, recent reports have shown that G9P[4] is being detected more often [Afrad et al, ; Quaye et al, ; Reesu et al, ; Chitambar et al, ]. Particularly, G9P[4] detection increased in Latin American countries, accounting for 80%, 66%, and 36% of detected RVA in Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, respectively, during 2009–2010 [Quaye et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and characterization of a human G9P[4] rotavirus strain in Japan

Yamamoto

Kaida

Ono³

et al. 2015

In a surveillance system in Osaka City, Japan, 48 sporadic rotavirus A (RVA) infections were detected during 2008/2009-2011/2012 seasons. The G/P-genotypes of detected RVAs were G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G9P[4], and G9P[8]. Although G9P[4] is a rare genotype that had not been reported in Japan, it was the second most prevalent genotype, following G1P[8], and accounted for 35.3% of RVA cases in the 2011/2012 season. Further genotyping revealed that the G9P[4] strain had genotype 2 internal protein genes except for NSP3: G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T1-E2-H2. Among detected RVA strains, G9P[4] and some G9P[8] strains shared high nucleotide identity in VP7 and NSP3 genes. Phylogenetic and BLAST search analyses showed that the G9P[4] strain in Japan shared high nucleotide identity in genotype 2 genes with common G2P[4] strains circulating globally, but was distinct from other G9P[4] strains circulating worldwide. These results suggest that the G9P[4] strain in Japan may have emerged through an independent reassortment between G9P[8] and G2P[4]. Finally, the role of NSP3 protein in the circulating RVA from an amino acid comparison between T1- and T2-type NSP3 is discussed. These findings provide an important insight into less problematic combinations of circulating RVA genes derived from different genotypes.