Channel Characterization for Satellite Link and Terrestrial Link of Vehicular Communication in the mmWave Band

Abstract

In the vision of intelligent transportation, vehicles are expected to feature with advanced applications, such as automatic road enforcement, dynamic traffic light sequence, and autonomous driving. Therefore, real-time and fast dynamic information exchanges are required, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are highly demanded. In this work, the channel characteristics of vehicular communication are analyzed in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band at 22.1-23.1 GHz. Specifically, two types of links (the satellite link and the terrestrial link) are considered in urban and highway scenarios with different weather conditions. The ray-tracing simulator together with calibrated electromagnetic parameters is employed to practically generate wideband channels. The key channel parameters of each link including the received power, Rician K -factor, root-mean-square delay spread, and angular spreads are explored. The co-channel interferences between the two links are analyzed as well. The observations and conclusions of this work can be useful for the design of V2X communication technologies.

Design of cellular, satellite, and integrated systems for 5G and beyond

“…As mentioned in Section 4.2, our previous study [37] has shown that performance gains can be achieved by switching three beams appropriately at the V‐UE. Nevertheless, as in our other study [38], there is still a critical challenge that needs to be solved in the MNS. The study showed that in some cases, the received power of BS‐to‐V‐UE link is significantly degraded because of an unexpected blockage caused by the surroundings.…”

“…The received SNRs of the two traffic control schemes can be simply expressed as γ TS = max{ γ C , γ S } and γ JT = γ C + γ S , respectively, where γ C and γ S denote the SNRs received at the cellular and satellite receivers, respectively. In addition to the GEO satellite considered in the previous study [38], we further consider an LEO satellite with an altitude of 1500 km ( h 0 = 1500 km), which is one of the non‐GEO satellites given in [13]. Then, as in Refs [13,38], the distance d between the satellite and a V‐UE can be determined by elevation angle α and Earth radius R E , which can be expressed aswhere R E = 6371 km, and considering that the elevation angles of GEO satellites in Korea are around 45°, the same elevation angle for both GEO and LEO satellites, α = 45°, is assumed for the sake of simplifying the analysis.…”

“…As part of the research on integrated RRM and spectrum sharing techniques, a preliminary study was conducted using a ray‐tracing simulation [38]. We studied a spectrum sharing scenario where satellite and cellular networks use the same spectrum and analyzed the co‐channel interference between two links.…”

“…We studied a spectrum sharing scenario where satellite and cellular networks use the same spectrum and analyzed the co‐channel interference between two links. In [38], it was shown that when the satellite is a GEO whose elevation angle with the earth's surface is 45°, the SINR of a satellite UE receiver is often less than 0 dB due to the severe interference from the cellular networks, whereas the SINR of a cellular UE receiver is basically larger than 20 dB because the impact of interference from the satellite network on the cellular receiver is negligible. Therefore, it is more important to manage the cellular link transmission for interference mitigation between the GEO satellite and cellular networks.…”

“…Next, through ray‐tracing simulations with the same framework used in [38], received signals were obtained, as shown in Figures 10 and 11. As can be seen from Figure 10, both TS and JT schemes with LEO satellite can yield a performance gain when deep fading occurs in the cellular link, and from the enlarged area of Figures 10 and 11, the JT scheme can achieve a slightly better performance than the TS scheme.…”