Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A Is a Prognostic Potential Biomarker That Correlates With the Presence of Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

AimsChaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit (CCT) 6A is an oncogenic 6th subunit of the CCT family. Nevertheless, not much is documented regarding its function in colorectal cancer (COAD). This investigation seeks to explore the role of CCT6A in the prognosis of COAD.Main MethodsSequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were employed to analyze the expression of CCT6A and its involvement in various regulatory networks behind COAD. Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analyzed Levels of expression and survival rates, while GEPIA was used to uncover further the functional networks that involved CCT6A. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools were used to interpret Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Evaluation of the expression levels of CCT6A in COAD samples was also verified via immunohistochemistry.Key FindingsWe found that the expression of CCT6A is up-regulated in COAD. CCT6A correlated with poor prognosis and decreased immune infiltrates such as CD4+ T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. CCT6A is increased in COAD patients. CCT6A is associated with several gene networks related to the DDX family and mismatch repair pathways.SignificanceOur data showed that data mining was able to uncover data regarding levels of CCT6A and its involvement in genetic regulating pathways in COAD.

Identification of a Novel Risk Model: A Five-Gene Prognostic Signature for Pancreatic Cancer

“…CCT6A was correlated with the cell cycle and the expression of CCNA2/B2. Moreover, several studies showed that CCT6A was associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma [13], colorectal cancer [14], cervical cancer [15], glioblastoma [16], and Ewing sarcoma [17]. Sun et al [14] showed that CCT6A was correlated with decreased immune in ltrates.…”

“…Moreover, several studies showed that CCT6A was associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma [13], colorectal cancer [14], cervical cancer [15], glioblastoma [16], and Ewing sarcoma [17]. Sun et al [14] showed that CCT6A was correlated with decreased immune in ltrates. Besides, there is increasing evidence showing that immune cell in ltration plays a vital role in the disease progression by regulating tumor microenvironment or immunosuppression [18,19].…”

Identification of the Crucial Role of CCL22 in F. nucleatum-Related Colorectal Tumorigenesis that Correlates With Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Checkpoint Therapy

“…To explore the potential biological functions related to CCL22, the top 100 genes expressing similarly to CCL22 ( Sun et al, 2021 ), downloaded from GEPIA 1.0 website ( Tang et al, 2017 ), were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis using the “clusterProfiler” package ( Yu et al, 2012 ), which was also used for the visualization of enrichment terms. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to explore the changed biological functions based on the high- and low-CCL22-expression subgroups in TCGA COAD using the “clusterProfiler” package.…”

The Autoantibodies against Tumor-Associated Antigens as Potential Blood-Based Biomarkers in Thyroid Neoplasia: Rationales, Opportunities and Challenges

“…In TBSRTC DC4 nodules, CCT6A-AAbs were capable of detecting borderline and malignant tumors with DSp and DSn values of 100% and 40%, respectively [ 125 ]. Interestingly, more recent studies extensively implicated TCP-1ζ/CCT6A as an oncogenic protein and biomarker of poor prognosis in various human malignancies [ 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ], rendering its cancer-associated immunogenicity highly biologically relevant.…”