Chapitre 13. Protection et valorisation juridique de la biodiversité terrestre et marine dans le Pacifique Sud : la mise en œuvre de la CDB (Convention sur la diversité biologique) et de la CMB (Convention Montego Bay)

Joint FAO-IOC-IAEA technical guidance for the implementation of early warning systems for harmful algal blooms

“…The CTX are subsequently bioaccumulated and distributed in fish tissues (Ledreux et al, 2014;O'Toole et al, 2012;Clausing et al, 2018;Leite de Prado et al, 2021), biomagnified (Lewis and Holmes, 1993;Lehane and Lewis, 2000) to higher trophic level carnivorous predators, and ultimately reach human diets as a contaminated food. CTXs produced by Gambierdiscus reach hundreds of marine species, from lower trophic level fish or shellfish to large predators and marine mammals (Chinain et al, 2010;Chateau-Degat et al, 2005a;Chateau-Degat et al, 2005b;Bottein et al, 2011: Gaboriau et al, 2014.…”

“…A study to address this included a 14-month field effort with weekly sampling and toxin analysis of 270 Gambierdiscus samples and 465 specimens of Centochaetus striatus (maito or striated surgeon fish). Comparisons of Gambierdiscus abundance and toxicity of herbivorous fish provided predictive models of human intoxication (Chinain et al, 2010;Chateau-Degat et al, 2005a;Chateau-Degat et al, 2005b) (Figure 3.6). Results suggested the toxin transfer time from peak Gambierdiscus to herbivorous fish was one month and an additional two months between peak cell densities and increasing CP cases.…”

“…Results suggested the toxin transfer time from peak Gambierdiscus to herbivorous fish was one month and an additional two months between peak cell densities and increasing CP cases. Together field data of fish toxicity and (limited) experimental projects have provided some insight into CTX transfer efficiency and velocity as well as biomagnification in marine ecosystems (Chinain et al, 2019;Chateau-Degat et al, 2005a, 2005bClausing et al, 2018;Holmes et al, 2021).…”