Chapter 1 Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia

Akishita, Masahiro; Kozaki, Koichi; Iijima, Katsuya; Tanaka, Tomoki; Shibasaki, Koji; Ogawa, Sumito; Arai, Hidenori

doi:10.1111/ggi.13311

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Subsequently, in October 2016, sarcopenia was included in the ICD‐10 (M62.84) and was internationally recognized as a disease . The Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology jointly published clinical guidelines for sarcopenia in 2017, which have been translated into English . Nevertheless, a large number of research groups exist worldwide, and their definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia vary.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology jointly published clinical guidelines for sarcopenia in 2017, which have been translated into English. [5][6][7][8] Nevertheless, a large number of research groups exist worldwide, and their definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia vary. Although skeletal muscle mass is an indispensable criterion for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, reduced muscle strength (grip strength) and/or reduced physical function (walking speed) are adopted, as required, when diagnosing muscular functions.…”

Section: Background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Fujishima¹,

Fujiu-Kurachi

Arai

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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This report was written by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition, the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, and the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan to consolidate the currently available evidence on the topics of sarcopenia and dysphagia. Histologically, the swallowing muscles are of different embryological origin from somatic muscles, and receive constant input stimulation from the respiratory center. Although the swallowing muscles are striated, their characteristics are different from those of skeletal muscles. The swallowing muscles are inevitably affected by malnutrition and disuse; accumulating evidence is available regarding the influence of malnutrition on the swallowing muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is defined as dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the whole body and swallowing‐related muscles. When sarcopenia does not exist in the entire body, the term “sarcopenic dysphagia” should not be used. Additionally, sarcopenia due to neuromuscular diseases should be excluded; however, aging and secondary sarcopenia after inactivity, malnutrition and disease (wasting disorder and cachexia) are included in sarcopenic dysphagia. The treatment of dysphagia due to sarcopenia requires both dysphagia rehabilitation, such as resistance training of the swallowing muscles and nutritional intervention. However, the fundamental issue of how dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles should be diagnosed remains unresolved. Furthermore, whether dysphagia can be caused by primary sarcopenia should be clarified. Additionally, more discussion is required on issues such as the relationship between dysphagia and secondary sarcopenia, as well as the diagnostic criteria and means for diagnosing dysphagia caused by sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 91–97.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Fujishima¹,

Fujiu-Kurachi

Arai

et al. 2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

Self Cite

304

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We read the “Sarcopenia guideline: Chapter 1: Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia” by Akishita et al with great interest …”

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confidence: 99%

“…

We read the "Sarcopenia guideline: Chapter 1: Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia" by Akishita et al with great interest. 1 In this paper, the authors reviewed the definition, screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in elderly individuals. This chapter is a well-designed text that includes stages, screening methods and different diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.To identify low muscle strength, the authors suggested handgrip strength cut-off threshold value by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition as <30 kg and <20 kg in men and women, respectively.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We read the "Sarcopenia guideline: Chapter 1: Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia" by Akishita et al with great interest. 1 In this paper, the authors reviewed the definition, screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in elderly individuals. This chapter is a well-designed text that includes stages, screening methods and different diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Handgrip strength cut‐off thresholds to define sarcopenia

Küçükdağlı

Bahat

2019

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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The association between sarcopenia, defined by a simplified screening tool, and long‐term outcomes

Yuyen,

Muangpaisan,

Pramyothin

et al. 2023

Nut in Clin Prac

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BackgroundSarcopenia and frailty are frequently observed in older adult patients and linked to unfavorable postoperative outcomes. Identifying low muscle mass and function is primary for diagnosing sarcopenia. The simpler screening, which excludes muscle mass measurement, exhibited strong predictive capabilities in identifying sarcopenia. This research explored the association between sarcopenia, as defined by the C3 formula, and long‐term outcomes in older adult cancer patients who underwent surgery.MethodsSurgical cancer patients aged 60 and older were enrolled. Sarcopenia was identified using the C3 formula, assessing muscle strength through handgrip strength, physical performance via a 6‐m walk test, and nutrition status via the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form. Long‐term outcomes were evaluated with the Barthel Index for activities of daily living (B‐ADL) at 3 months, as well as 1‐year mortality rates.ResultsThe study enrolled 251 patients, with 130 classified as sarcopenic according to the C3 formula. Compared with nonsarcopenic patients, patients with sarcopenia exhibited a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability (B‐ADL ≤70) 3 months postdischarge (19.5% vs 5.2%; P = 0.001) and elevated 1‐year mortality rates (29.5% vs 14.9%; P = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in infection rates, hospital stay duration, or in‐hospital mortality. Distant organ metastasis (HR = 3.99; 95% CI = 2.25–7.07) and sarcopenia defined by the C3 formula (HR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.01–3.15) were identified as independent risk factors for 1‐year mortality.ConclusionThe simplified sarcopenia screening tool was associated with increased rates of moderate to severe disability 3 months postdischarge and higher 1‐year mortality rates compared with nonsarcopenic patients.

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Chapter 1 Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

Handgrip strength cut‐off thresholds to define sarcopenia

The association between sarcopenia, defined by a simplified screening tool, and long‐term outcomes

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