Chapter 1. Hydrogen and Solar Hydrogen

doi:10.1039/9781849733175-00001

Solar Hydrogen 2012

DOI: 10.1039/9781849733175-00001

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Chapter 1. Hydrogen and Solar Hydrogen

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2017

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Solar to fuels conversion technologies: a perspective

Tuller

2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

119

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To meet increasing energy needs, while limiting greenhouse gas emissions over the coming decades, power capacity on a large scale will need to be provided from renewable sources, with solar expected to play a central role. While the focus to date has been on electricity generation via photovoltaic (PV) cells, electricity production currently accounts for only about one-third of total primary energy consumption. As a consequence, solar-to-fuel conversion will need to play an increasingly important role and, thereby, satisfy the need to replace high energy density fossil fuels with cleaner alternatives that remain easy to transport and store. The solar refinery concept (Herron et al. in Energy Environ Sci 8:126-157, 2015), in which captured solar radiation provides energy in the form of heat, electricity or photons, used to convert the basic chemical feedstocks CO 2 and H 2 O into fuels, is reviewed as are the key conversion processes based on (1) combined PV and electrolysis, (2) photoelectrochemically driven electrolysis and (3) thermochemical processes, all focused on initially converting H 2 O and CO 2 to H 2 and CO. Recent advances, as well as remaining challenges, associated with solar-to-fuel conversion are discussed, as is the need for an intensive research and development effort to bring such processes to scale.

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Solar to fuels conversion technologies: a perspective

Tuller

2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

119

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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Biomass-Based Fuel-Fed Fuel Cells

Hoa

Vestergaard

Tamiya

2017

Sensors

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Environmental and sustainable economical concerns are generating a growing interest in biofuels predominantly produced from biomass. It would be ideal if an energy conversion device could directly extract energy from a sustainable energy resource such as biomass. Unfortunately, up to now, such a direct conversion device produces insufficient power to meet the demand of practical applications. To realize the future of biofuel-fed fuel cells as a green energy conversion device, efforts have been devoted to the development of carbon-based nanomaterials with tunable electronic and surface characteristics to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts and/or as supporting matrix for metal-based electrocatalysts. We present here a mini review on the recent advances in carbon-based catalysts for each type of biofuel-fed/biofuel cells that directly/indirectly extract energy from biomass resources, and discuss the challenges and perspectives in this developing field.

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Chapter 1. Hydrogen and Solar Hydrogen

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Solar to fuels conversion technologies: a perspective

Solar to fuels conversion technologies: a perspective

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Biomass-Based Fuel-Fed Fuel Cells

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