CHAPTER 1 Paradigms of Iranian Nationalism: History, Theory, and Historiography

Marashi, Afshin

doi:10.7560/757493-002

Cited by 6 publications

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“…This involved the political centralisation of the former and the cultural homogenisation of the latter. This twin process gave the emerging nation‐state the character of a ‘surrogate colonial state’ (Marashi, 2014, p. 18), which acted as a whip of external necessity on Kurdistan. Mukriyan's triple unevenness therefore provided both the developmental dynamics and historical, ideological and political ingredients for the formation of the Republic of Kurdistan as a political Janus.…”

Section: The Uneven and Combined Development Of The Republic Of Kurdi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kurdish Janus: The intersocietal construction of nations

Matin

Mahmoudi

2023

Nations and Nationalism

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Existing accounts of Kurdish nationalism can be mapped onto the main theories of nationalism, that is, primordialism, ethnosymbolism and modernism. These theories, however, suffer, respectively, from essentialism, circularity and aporia, manifest in their common inability to digest the Janus‐like character of nations, that is, their display of simultaneous modernity and antiquity. This paper develops an alternative account through a critical application of the theory of ‘uneven and combined development’ (UCD) to the Republic of Kurdistan of 1946. The argument unfolds in three steps. First, we argue that the failure of mainstream theories of nationalism to explain the nation's historical ambiguity lies in their ‘internalism’. Second, we show that UCD overcomes internalism through its plural social ontology and enables a retheorising of nations as interactive products of the geopolitical mediation of historical capitalism's expansion through societal multiplicity. Central to this process was the emergence of nationalism as a defensive and emulative ideology of geopolitical self‐preservation. This involved reversing the sociological and political moments of the originary formation of the British imperial nation. We argue that this historical reversal underpins the Janus‐like form of nations, including the Kurdish nation. Third, we substantiate the argument through a brief case study of the Republic of Kurdistan.

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Section: The Uneven and Combined Development Of The Republic Of Kurdi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kurdish Janus: The intersocietal construction of nations

Matin

Mahmoudi

2023

Nations and Nationalism

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“…In the following centuries, with the spread of the modern nation-state practice to the rest of the world through European colonial states, non-European societies began to imagine their own history within the structure of the modern nation-state (Grec, 2020). The developments that Europe has made in the material field have of course also manifested themselves in the "organization of violence"; weapons technologies have developed, armament has increased and the rest of the world has become easier to dominate (Marashi, 2021). As a result, on the one hand, Europe was evaluated in the center, on the other hand, non-European societies tried to position themselves in the new world in parallel with the nation-stateization process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eurocentric Historiography: An Analysis of International Politics in the 21st Century and Its Effect on Changes in Historiography of Countries in Europe

Geraldo¹,

Etnan²

2023

IJSOC

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History is a form of the collective memory of societies. The history of any society is not independent of others. Historiography traditionally focused on relations among political authorities, namely, states. Within this context, societies had been equated with states. Geographical discoveries, which began at the end of 15th century, culminated in the emergence of a Eurocentric view of world history. The development of Eurocentric historiography was not an outcome of convention, but rather a reflection of world politics at that time. Historians began to write history by treating states dominant at regional and global scale as basic to their work. In this study, it is explained that international politics has had an important role in the development of Eurocentric historiography. To this end, historiography and the links between society and modern states are examined; the development of the Eurocentric international system is reviewed; the re-construction of non-European society by modern states is assessed; whether or not non-European societies are capable of an alternative historiography is debated; and, finally, it is claimed that modern international practices have determinative influence in the development of Eurocentric historiography.

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Iranian Identity and National Oppression: Crafting the Modern Iranian Nation–State

Matin-Asgari

2024

Iran. stud.

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During Iran's 2022–2023 countrywide uprising, the intensity of popular protests in Kurdistan and Baluchistan drew attention to the question of national oppression. Some scholars then revisited a debate, originally articulated in Marxist circles, on whether Iran's culturally and politically oppressed communities, like Azeris, Kurds, Baluchis or Arabs, are ethnic or national minorities. This article approaches the debate within the frame of national oppression as a historical construction. It argues that in Iran, as in almost all modern nation-states, nationhood was established through the forcible creation of minoritized communities whose potential claims to nationhood, or an equal place in a politically democratic and culturally pluralist nation, have been denied.

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CHAPTER 1 Paradigms of Iranian Nationalism: History, Theory, and Historiography

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The Kurdish Janus: The intersocietal construction of nations

The Kurdish Janus: The intersocietal construction of nations

Eurocentric Historiography: An Analysis of International Politics in the 21st Century and Its Effect on Changes in Historiography of Countries in Europe

Iranian Identity and National Oppression: Crafting the Modern Iranian Nation–State

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