Chapter 1: Seven New Species and a New Subgenus of Forest Mice (Rodentia: Muridae: Apomys) from Luzon Island

Archboldomys(Muridae: Murinae) Reconsidered: A New Genus and Three New Species of Shrew Mice from Luzon Island, Philippines

“…The above discoveries are consistent with and further strengthen the pattern revealed in previous studies in the Philippines (Esselstyn et al, 2009(Esselstyn et al, , 2011Heaney et al, 2009Heaney et al, , 2011Jansa et al, 2006Jansa et al, , 2009Musser and Heaney, 1992;Steppan et al, 2003) and other large, geologically old oceanic islands (e.g., Madagascar: Olson and Goodman, 2003;Yoder et al, 1996) that their mammalian biodiversity arose from extensive in situ diversification. The discoveries reported here further illustrate the insularizing effect of isolated mountaintops in the Philippines on the diversification of its murid rodents Heaney et al, 1989Heaney et al, , 2009Heaney et al, , 2011Heaney and Rickart, 1990;Rickart et al, 1998Rickart et al, , 2003Rickart et al, , 2005Steppan et al, 2003).…”

“…The discoveries reported here further illustrate the insularizing effect of isolated mountaintops in the Philippines on the diversification of its murid rodents Heaney et al, 1989Heaney et al, , 2009Heaney et al, , 2011Heaney and Rickart, 1990;Rickart et al, 1998Rickart et al, , 2003Rickart et al, , 2005Steppan et al, 2003).…”

“…The tree derived from ML analysis of the cytochrome b data set ( fig. 7) strongly supports monophyly of the genera Rhynchomys, Chrotomys, and Apomys (though a more rigorous test of Apomys monophyly is provided by Heaney et al, 2011). However, the four specimens from the type locality of Archboldomys musseri (DNA numbers DSB 3711, DSB 3747, DSB 3704, and PAA 609) do not cluster with other members of Archboldomys (including the type species, A. luzonensis).…”

“…8). It is readily distinguishable from S. musseri by the following combination of dental features: (1) longer maxillary molar tooth row (shorter in S. musseri); (2) broader M1 (narrower); and (3) narrower incisors at their tips (broader), and from S. kalinga and S. montanus through targeted surveys of isolated mountains and mountain chains, using multiple sampling procedures to ensure detection of species that have varied food and foraging habits in different habitats along the elevational gradient (e.g., Balete et al, 2009;Heaney et al, 2011;Rickart et al, , 2011b. In the case of Archboldomys and Soricomys, the use of live earthworms as bait, the targeting of montane and mossy forest at high elevations, and surveys of even small mountain chains, have been crucial in detecting the animals.…”

High resolution images for 'Morphological and geographic definitions of the Sulawesian shrew rats Echiothrix leucura and E. centrosa (Muridae, Murinae), and description of a new species of sucking louse (Phthiraptera, Anoplura).' (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 391)

“…Among murines, this osteological design of the pterygoid-alisphenoid region is repeated only in the Philippine shrew rat Rhynchomys (see the cranial illustrations in Musser and Heaney [1992: 78] and Balete et al [2007: 293]) and the Sulawesian shrew rat Paucidentomys (Esselstyn, et al, 2012). The best way to appreciate this severe modification is to first describe the pterygoid region in the Sulawesian Maxomys dollmani, which expresses a pattern common to nearly all other murines, especially those from the Indomalayan region, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, and Australia (see the cranial illustrations in Musser, 1982Musser, , 1991Musser and Newcomb, 1983;Musser and Holden, 1991;Musser and Heaney, 1992;Flannery, 1995;Musser et al, 2008;Musser and Lunde, 2009;Heaney et al, 2012;Balete et al, 2012), as well as species in Europe and Africa (see the cranial drawings in Happold, 2013).…”