Chapter 11.2 Clays and Pesticides

Nir, Shlomo; El‐Nahhal, Yasser; Undabeytia, Tomás; Rytwo, Giora; Polubesova, Tamara; Mishael, Yael-Golda; Rabinovitz, U.; Rubin, Baruch

doi:10.1016/s1572-4352(05)01021-4

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Moreover, these substances can be bound to clay fraction in soil or react with humic and/or fulvic acids and make larger organic molecules that interact with organic pollutants in soil or aquatic systems accordingly, they are environmentally friendly compounds. Similar observation were reported previously [39]. So far, using these organoclays as adsorbents may further enhance the adsorption of chlorpyrifos and reduce their release in the environment.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of Ecologically Acceptable Chlorpyrifos Formulation for Effective and Safe Application

El‐Nahhal¹,

Wheidi²,

El‐Kurdi³

2016

JEAS

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Application of the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos has resulted in considerable environmental contamination. This study was designed to develop environmentally acceptable chlorpyrifos formulation for safe and effective application. This involved the modification of clay surfaces from hydrophilic to hydrophobic via ionexchange reaction with organic cations. The resulting organo-clay complexes were tested for adsorption and release of chlorpyrifos. HPLC and FTIR measurements showed considerable adsorption and strong interaction between chlorpyrifos molecules and the organo-clay complexes. Basal spacing results emphasized the formation of suitable micro-pores for chlorpyrifos molecules. HPLC and bioassay techniques confirmed the slow release of chlorpyrifos. Leaching potential showed retention of chlorpyrifos in the top soil. Therefore application of organoclay formulation of chlorpyrifos may reduce their potential environmental contamination and produce safe applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Development of Ecologically Acceptable Chlorpyrifos Formulation for Effective and Safe Application

El‐Nahhal¹,

Wheidi²,

El‐Kurdi³

2016

JEAS

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“…This included development of ecologically acceptable organoclay formulations of pesticides [19]- [29]. Health risk among farmers may be emerged due to occupational and/or accidental exposure to direct insecticide solution or vapor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors among Greenhouse Farmers in Gaza Strip

El‐Nahhal¹

2017

ODEM

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Greenhouse farmers are exposed to many risk factors during work. This paper characterized the risk factors and discussed their health impacts among greenhouse farmers. Risk factors under greenhouse conditions emerged from pesticide application and greenhouse gas emission from soil during day. Risk factors among farmers were determined by recording toxicity symptoms, acute and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study targeted 67 greenhouses in Gaza Strip and found 169 farmers doing many agricultural activities without protective clothes. We documented nine highly toxic insecticides and five moderately toxic fungicides being applied for insect and fungal control. A large number of farmers (55%) revealed that they visited respiratory health clinic quite two to three times a month immediately after insecticide application. About 8.88% (n = 15) of farmers stated that they had unrecoverable lung disease due to working in greenhouses during winter season. Personal health records of farmers showed variety of cholinergic symptoms, severe reduction on acetyl choline esterase activity (ACHE), many cases of COPD and some pneumonia cases. Classification of farmers according to risk factors indicates that 18% of farmers are at high risk due to extreme to insecticides. It is recommended to seasonally investigate the activity of ACHE of greenhouse farmers and to routinely check their chests and lungs to avoid any potential health risk factors due to works in greenhouse environment.

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“…One mechanism widely used to enhance the affinity of clay minerals for these pesticides consists of replacing the original inorganic exchangeable cations by organic cations by ion exchange. This simple modification changes the nature of the clay mineral surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, yielding organo-clay minerals with enhanced affinity for pesticide molecules (Boyd et al, 1988;Cornejo et al, 2008;Groisman et al, 2004;Hermosín and Cornejo, 1992;Mortland et al, 1986;Nir et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of spermine-exchanged montmorillonite and interaction with the herbicide fluometuron

Gámiz

Celis

Hermosı́n

et al. 2012

Applied Clay Science

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We studied the interaction between the naturally occurring polycation spermine (SPERM) and Na-exchanged SWy-2 Wyoming montmorillonite (Na-SWy-2 Mt) and between spermineexchanged montmorillonite (Mt-SPERM) and the herbicide fluometuron. Mt-SPERM with spermine contents ranging between 0 and 1.2 times the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-SWy-2 were studied by XRD, FTIR and TGA analysis. Spermine was intercalated stoichiometrically into Na-SWy-2 up to the CEC of the clay mineral, resulting in basal spacing of 1.3 nm. TGA analysis indicated that intercalation of spermine into Na-SWy-2 increased the thermal stability of the organic cations and affected the dehydroxylation temperature of the clay mineral. FTIR measurements of Mt-SPERM samples showed the involvement of N-H and C-H groups of spermine in the interaction with the clay mineral. The intensity of the spermine N-H and C-H deformation vibrations increased linearly with the amount of spermine incorporated into Na-SWy-2 up to an amount close to the CEC of the montmorillonite. Structural modeling suggested that the arrangement of spermine cations formed a horizontal monolayer within the interlayer space of SWy-2 with strong interaction between the-NH 3 + and-NH 2 +-groups of spermine and the montmorillonite surface oxygen atoms. Mt-SPERM showed pronounced affinity for the herbicide fluometuron.

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Chapter 11.2 Clays and Pesticides

Cited by 20 publications

References 54 publications

Development of Ecologically Acceptable Chlorpyrifos Formulation for Effective and Safe Application

Development of Ecologically Acceptable Chlorpyrifos Formulation for Effective and Safe Application

Risk Factors among Greenhouse Farmers in Gaza Strip

Preparation and characterization of spermine-exchanged montmorillonite and interaction with the herbicide fluometuron

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