Chapter 16 Psychological Evaluation and Support During Exemsi

Gushin, Vadim; Kolinitchenko, T.B.; Efimov, V.A.; Davies, Colin

doi:10.1016/s1569-2574(08)60065-9

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar conclusions have been reached by researchers who have studied personnel in other ICE settings, such as polar stations (Rohrer, 1961), submarines (Sandal, Endresen, Vaernes, & Ursin, 1999) and Russian space missions (Gushin et al, 1996). These reactions were not temporally related to the off-nominal situations or any other external event, which suggests that they occurred in response to the more general conditions of life in the chambers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Findings from these studies provided empirical support for the existence of interpersonal issues that had been anecdotally reported from Antarctic wintering-over, submarines, and space missions, such as the tendency of isolated groups to avoid open conflict, displacement of aggression to outside personnel, and scapegoating of deviant members (Gushin, Kolintchenko, Efimov, & Davies, 1996;Sandal, Vaernes, & Ursin, 1995). Findings from these studies provided empirical support for the existence of interpersonal issues that had been anecdotally reported from Antarctic wintering-over, submarines, and space missions, such as the tendency of isolated groups to avoid open conflict, displacement of aggression to outside personnel, and scapegoating of deviant members (Gushin, Kolintchenko, Efimov, & Davies, 1996;Sandal, Vaernes, & Ursin, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Findings from these studies provided empirical support for the existence of interpersonal issues that had been anecdotally reported from Antarctic wintering-over, submarines, and space missions, such as the tendency of isolated groups to avoid open conflict, displacement of aggression to outside personnel, and scapegoating of deviant members (Gushin, Kolintchenko, Efimov, & Davies, 1996;Sandal, Vaernes, & Ursin, 1995). Direction of aggression to outside personnel also increased in the middle phase (Gushin et al 1996;Sandal et al, 1995). Self-reported positive coping, as reflected in a high degree of well-being and low anxiety, gradually increased throughout the entire mission (Sandal et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Crew cohesion may be defined as the extent to which members of a group stick together, like and respect each other, and feel unified (Shaw, 1976). The latter question was addressed due to findings from previous studies indicating that isolated groups tend to displace aggression and tension to outside personnel (e.g., Gushin et al, 1996). In addition, a daily rating form was administered that included questions concerning the functioning of the crew and relations to the outside world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crew Tension during a Space Station Simulation

Sandal

2001

Environment and Behavior

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Two space simulation studies for the European Space Agency found that interpersonal tension increased in the beginning, around the middle, and toward the end of the confinement. This article reports data from a third study where this issue was further examined. Three subjects were confined in the MIR space station simulator in Moscow for 135 days. Communication analysis, peer rating, questionnaires, and interviews were used to assess crew tension. The temporal pattern found in this study corresponds to the previous findings. The beginning of the period was characterized by competition over leadership. Decreased crew cohesion and aggression toward the mission control marked the middle of the confinement. In the final weeks, open conflicts emerged, and one member was socially excluded. Joking occurred frequently in the first half of the confinement, whereas negative emotional expressions increased in the second half. These results might assist planners in anticipating behavioral problems during space missions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Findings from these studies provided empirical support for the existence of interpersonal issues that had been anecdotally reported from Antarctic wintering-over, submarines, and space missions, such as the tendency of isolated groups to avoid open conflict, displacement of aggression to outside personnel, and scapegoating of deviant members (Gushin, Kolintchenko, Efimov, & Davies, 1996;Sandal, Vaernes, & Ursin, 1995). Direction of aggression to outside personnel also increased in the middle phase (Gushin et al 1996;Sandal et al, 1995). Self-reported positive coping, as reflected in a high degree of well-being and low anxiety, gradually increased throughout the entire mission (Sandal et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crew Tension during a Space Station Simulation

Sandal

2001

Environment and Behavior

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“…Even among the crews of real and simulated space missions, tension has been identified between the crew and Mission Control over imposed regulations of crew activities and task overloads (4,5,11,16). These observations underscore the fundamental issue of autonomy.…”

Section: Feelings Of Helplessness and Loss Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%