Chapter 2 Biochemistry, Physiology and Biotechnology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria

Barton, Larry L.; Fauque, Guy

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(09)01202-7

Cited by 344 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Future work must be done to determine if these two types of membranous compartments represent different growth stages of the same structure, or if they are separate structures with distinct cellular functions. Although Desulfovibrio have traditionally been studied for their role in biocorrosion of metals and the souring of oil fields they also may have applications in the bioremediation of toxic compounds and the recovery of precious metals (23). Combining the industrial function of Desulfovibrio with a magnetic phenotype could well increase their usefulness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1 contains an iron- and phosphorus-rich organelle distinct from its bullet-shaped magnetosomes

Byrne

Ball²,

Guerquin‐Kern³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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Intracellular magnetite crystal formation by magnetotactic bacteria has emerged as a powerful model for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of biomineralization, a process common to all branches of life. Although magnetotactic bacteria are phylogenetically diverse and their crystals morphologically diverse, studies to date have focused on a few, closely related species with similar crystal habits. Here, we investigate the process of magnetite biomineralization in Desulfovibrio magneticus sp. RS-1, the only reported species of cultured magnetotactic bacteria that is outside of the α-Proteobacteria and that forms bulletshaped crystals. Using a variety of high-resolution imaging and analytical tools, we show that RS-1 cells form amorphous, noncrystalline granules containing iron and phosphorus before forming magnetite crystals. Using NanoSIMS (dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy), we show that the iron-phosphorus granules and the magnetite crystals are likely formed through separate cellular processes. Analysis of the cellular ultrastructure of RS-1 using cryo-ultramicrotomy, cryo-electron tomography, and tomography of ultrathin sections reveals that the magnetite crystals are not surrounded by membranes but that the iron-phosphorus granules are surrounded by membranous compartments. The varied cellular paths for the formation of these two minerals lead us to suggest that the iron-phosphorus granules constitute a distinct bacterial organelle.bacterial organelle | biomineralization | magnetotactic bacteria | dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy | magnetite B iomineralization, the biologically controlled transformation of inorganic compounds into highly-ordered structures, is performed by organisms in all branches of life, from bacteria to humans. Because biogenic minerals often have superior properties to their chemically synthesized counterparts, understanding biomineralization is important to fields as diverse as inorganic materials synthesis and medicine (1, 2). Among the numerous organisms capable of biomineralization, magnetotactic bacteria (MB), a group of microbes that form intracellular chains of magnetic minerals including magnetite and greigite, have become powerful models for studying biomineralization because of their relatively fast growth rate and genetic tractability (3).Investigation of the cellular ultrastructure of MB has shown that the magnetite crystals are formed within membranous intracellular compartments called magnetosomes, which are present before the formation of magnetite (4, 5). Other studies have shown that when magnetite formation is induced by decreasing oxygen levels or adding iron to iron-deprived cells, multiple crystals in the chain nucleate simultaneously (5, 6). These insights into the kinetics of magnetite biomineralization have been complemented by molecular studies. A genomic island called the magnetosome island (MAI) has been found in all MB studied to date. Loss of the MAI results in an absence of magnetosome membranes and magnetite crystals, and gene...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1 contains an iron- and phosphorus-rich organelle distinct from its bullet-shaped magnetosomes

Byrne

Ball²,

Guerquin‐Kern³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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“…The growth-stimulating effect of hydrogen on the investigated communities was expected because this gas is readily used by many different phylogenetic traits of anaerobic micro-organisms, such as SRB (Barton and Fauque, 2009), acetogens (Drake et al, 2002) and methanogens (Ferry, 1992). Regarding the anaerobic metabolism of methane, the situation is more obscure.…”

Section: Implications For the Snf Repository In Olkiluotomentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic activity of subterranean microbial communities in deep granitic groundwater supplemented with methane and H2

Pedersen¹

2012

The ISME Journal

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It was previously concluded that opposing gradients of sulphate and methane, observations of 16S ribosomal DNA sequences displaying great similarity to those of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea and a peak in sulphide concentration in groundwater from a depth of 250-350 m in Olkiluoto, Finland, indicated proper conditions for methane oxidation with sulphate. In the present research, pressure-resistant, gas-tight circulating systems were constructed to enable the investigation of attached and unattached anaerobic microbial populations from a depth of 327 m in Olkiluoto under in situ pressure (2.4 MPa), diversity, dissolved gas and chemistry conditions. Three parallel flow cell cabinets were configured to allow observation of the influence on microbial metabolic activity of 11 mM methane, 11 mM methane plus 10 mM H 2 or 2.1 mM O 2 plus 7.9 mM N 2 (that is, air). The concentrations of these gases and of organic acids and carbon, sulphur chemistry, pH and E h , ATP, numbers of cultivable micro-organisms, and total numbers of cells and bacteriophages were subsequently recorded under batch conditions for 105 days. The system containing H 2 and methane displayed microbial reduction of 0.7 mM sulphate to sulphide, whereas the system containing only methane resulted in 0.2 mM reduced sulphate. The system containing added air became inhibited and displayed no signs of microbial activity. Added H 2 and methane induced increasing numbers of lysogenic bacteriophages per cell. It appears likely that a microbial anaerobic methane-oxidizing process coupled to acetate formation and sulphate reduction may be ongoing in aquifers at a depth of 250-350 m in Olkiluoto. The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 839-849; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.144; published online 13 December 2012Subject category: microbial ecology and functional diversity of natural habitats

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“…Many SRB can also reduce other oxidized inorganic S compounds (sulfite, thiosulfate, or elemental S) as well as S-containing amino acids (Coleman, 1960;Barton and Fauque, 2009). It is believed that production of H 2 S in the rumen is the root cause of much of the detrimental effects of high S diets on cattle performance and health (Gould, 1998).…”

Section: Ruminal Sulfate Reduction and Hydrogen Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfate reducing bacteria, most prominently Desulfovibrio, are also referred to as dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria because of their capability to reduce heavy metals (at 34 certain states) such as Au, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Se, to name a few (Barton and Fauque, 2009). …”

Section: Other Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-sulfur in beef cattle diets: A review

Drewnoski

Pogge

Hansen

2014

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:While many cattle feeding areas in the United States have long dealt with high sulfate water, increased feeding of ethanol co-products such as distillers grains with solubles to beef cattle has led to a corresponding increase in dietary sulfur. As a result, sulfur metabolism in the ruminant has been the focus of many research studies over the past ten years, and advances in our knowledge have been made. Excessive sulfur in cattle diets may have implications on trace mineral absorption, dry matter intake, and overall cattle growth. This review will focus on what we have learned about the metabolism of sulfur in the ruminant, including ruminal sulfate reducing bacteria, the role of ruminally available sulfur, factors affecting the production of hydrogen sulfide in the rumen, and the potential mechanisms behind sulfur toxicity in cattle.Additionally, this review will discuss potential strategies to minimize risk of sulfur toxicity when cattle are fed high-sulfur diets, including dietary and management strategies. Further research related to high-sulfur diets including implications for carcass characteristics, meat quality, and animal health will also be discussed. As ethanol production processes continue to change, the nutrient profile of the resulting co-products will as well. Often removal of one nutrient such as oil will result in the concentration of other nutrients such as sulfur. Thus it seems even more likely that a better understanding of sulfur metabolism in the ruminant will be important to beef cattle feeding in the future.

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Chapter 2 Biochemistry, Physiology and Biotechnology of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria

Cited by 344 publications

References 183 publications

Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1 contains an iron- and phosphorus-rich organelle distinct from its bullet-shaped magnetosomes

Desulfovibrio magneticus RS-1 contains an iron- and phosphorus-rich organelle distinct from its bullet-shaped magnetosomes

Metabolic activity of subterranean microbial communities in deep granitic groundwater supplemented with methane and H2

High-sulfur in beef cattle diets: A review

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