Chapter 4 Calcareous Spring Deposits in Continental Settings

Jones, Brian; Renaut, Robin W.

doi:10.1016/s0070-4571(09)06104-4

Cited by 144 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Mineralogical composition of travertines and associated veins, which are precipitated by hydrothermal or nonhydrothermal fluids circulating in damage zones in tectonically active regions Uysal et al, 2007Uysal et al, , 2011Verhaert et al, 2004), was controlled by a complex set of interrelated parameters (Jones & Renaut, 2010).…”

Section: Mineralogical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andrews, 2006;Hancock, Chalmers, Altunel, & Çakir, 1999;Jones & Renaut, 2010;Mesci, 2004Mesci, , 2013Özkul, Gökgöz, & Horvatinčić, 2010;Özkul et al, 2013, 2014Pedley, 2009;Uysal et al, 2007Uysal et al, , 2009). Although there is little consensus on the use of the terms travertine and tufa (Capezzuoli, Gandin, & Pedley, 2014;Jones & Renaut, 2010), tufa is herein considered to be a product of CaCO 3 precipitation from cool (near ambient temperature) water regimes that typically contain remains of micro-and macrophytes, invertebrates and bacteria. In contrast, the term travertine is used for the spring carbonates that form from hydrothermal waters (Ford & Pedley, 1996;Jones & Renaut, 2010;Kele et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

et al. 2015

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The Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) is a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, 30 km wide and 700 km long, that is the second most important neotectonic structure of Turkey. In this study, relationship between travertine precipitation and tectonic activity of some segments along this major strike-slip fault zone has been investigated by a multidisciplinary research. Structural, sedimentological, geochemical and geochronological studies were conducted on several travertine occurrences along the Karlıova-Bingöl segment (KBS) and the Adıyaman Fault Zone (AFZ) of the EAFS. The Baltaşı travertine mass on the AFZ was cross-cut by many extensional fractures that were filled by calcite veins. Geochemical analyses of the calcite veins indicate that some are hydrothermal in origin, whereas others are non-hydrothermal. Hydrothermal circulation in the crust was caused intermittently by the left-lateral strike-slip movements that have oblique-to normal-slip components in both the (KBS) and the (BYS) segments. Our results suggest that, from at least 325 ka until present, tectonic activity was consistently accompanied by travertine deposition. Based on dating of the travertine occurrences in the valley of the Göynük Stream around Hacılar and Elmalı, it is concluded that the NE-trending KBS is currently still active.

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Section: Mineralogical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

et al. 2015

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“…Travertine refers to a calcium carbonate sedimentary rock that precipitates and forms in the outflow drainage pathways of terrestrial springs, characterized by a high concentration of dissolved Ca 2þ and carbonate species (Pentecost, 2005;Jones and Renaut, 2010;Brasier, 2011). Often, a distinction has been made between cool water 'tufa' and warm or hot water 'travertine' deposits (Ford and Pedley, 1996;Pedley, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such classification, however, proves difficult when mapping ancient travertine in the field (Brasier, 2011;Capezzuoli et al, 2014;Cantonati et al, 2016). Furthermore, a continuum exists between cool and warmer springs in terms of water temperature, water chemistry, rock facies, fabrics and microbial or biological signatures (Jones and Renaut, 2010;Lopez et al, in press), which hampers a strict discrimination between ambient and warm water ancient carbonate spring deposits. As a result, the term travertine will be used in the present study as a descriptive term for carbonates formed in continental spring water environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli Basin, Turkey) and modern Mammoth Hot Springs deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA)

Boever

Foubert

Lopez

et al. 2017

Quaternary International

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This study compares and contrasts the travertine depositional facies of two of the largest sites of travertine formation, located in very different geological contexts, i.e. the modern Mammoth Hot Spring (MHS) system in the active volcanic complex of Yellowstone National Park (USA) and the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry, a well-exposed example of the Ballık travertines in the extensional Denizli Basin (Turkey). New, 2D to 3D facies maps of both travertine systems, combined with microscopy, assist in proposing an integrated spring depositional model, based on the existing MHS facies model, understanding general controls on meter to kilometer scale travertine deposit architecture and its preservation, and provide quantitative estimates of facies spatial coverage and slope using GIS. The comparison resulted in the distinction of eight facies, grouped in five downstream facies zones from Vent to Distal Slope. Notwithstanding the different geological context of both travertine systems, observations show that several of the facies are strikingly comparable (draping Apron and Channel Facies, top-slope Pond Facies, crystalline Proximal Slope Facies and Distal Slope Facies), whereas other facies do not have a precise, exposed equivalent (Vent Facies, pavement Apron and Channel Facies, extended Pond facies and phyto Proximal Slope Facies). Combining observations of active springs at MHS with the Cakmak vertical travertine quarry exposures demonstrates that lateral and vertical facies transitions are a sensitive record of changes in the spring dynamics (flow intensity and paths) that become well-preserved in the geological record, and can be recognized as prograding, aggrading, retrograding trends or erosive surfaces, traceable over tens to hundreds of meters. Quantification of facies specific coverage at MHS shows that Proximal and Distal Slope Facies deposits cover as much as~90% of the total mapped surface area. In addition, only~7% of the surface is found to be marked by a waterfilm related to an active flowing spring. Slope statistics reveal that strong slope breaks can often be related to transgressive Apron and Channel Facies belts and that variable, but steep slopes (up to 40 ) are dominated by Proximal Slope Facies, in agreement with the Cakmak exposures. Integrating travertine facies and architecture of deposits formed in distinct geological contexts can improve the prediction of general spring facies distributions and controls in other, modern and ancient, subsurface travertine systems.

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“…Mineral supersaturation can result in the formation of calcareous travertine and tufa deposits from waters containing relatively high concentrations of dissolved calcium (Herman and Lorah, 1987;Jones and Renault, 2010;Pentecost, 2005). The increase in pH can also accelerate the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) hydroxide formation in net alkaline mine drainage (Kirby et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of free CO2 in emergent groundwaters using a commercial beverage carbonation meter

Vesper

Edenborn

2012

Journal of Hydrology

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Keywords:Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Groundwater Alkalinity Carbonate Springs Mine water s u m m a r y Dissolved CO 2 in groundwater is frequently supersaturated relative to its equilibrium with atmospheric partial pressure and will degas when it is conveyed to the surface. Estimates of dissolved CO 2 concentrations can vary widely between different hydrochemical facies because they have different sources of error (e.g., rapid degassing, low alkalinity, non-carbonate alkalinity). We sampled 60 natural spring and mine waters using a beverage industry carbonation meter, which measures dissolved CO 2 based on temperature and pressure changes as the sample volume is expanded. Using a modified field protocol, the meter was found to be highly accurate in the range 0.2-35 mM CO 2 . The meter provided rapid, accurate and precise measurements of dissolved CO 2 in natural waters for a range of hydrochemical facies. Dissolved CO 2 concentrations measured in the field with the carbonation meter were similar to CO 2 determined using the pH-alkalinity approach, but provided immediate results and avoided errors from alkalinity and pH determination. The portability and ease of use of the carbonation meter in the field made it well-suited to sampling in difficult terrain. The carbonation meter has proven useful in the study of aquatic systems where CO 2 degassing drives geochemical changes that result in surficial mineral precipitation and deposition, such as tufa, travertine and mine drainage deposits.

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Chapter 4 Calcareous Spring Deposits in Continental Settings

Cited by 144 publications

References 116 publications

Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Comparative study of the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli Basin, Turkey) and modern Mammoth Hot Springs deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA)

Determination of free CO2 in emergent groundwaters using a commercial beverage carbonation meter

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