Chapter 5 Silicon deposition in higher plants

Sangster, A. G.; Hodson, Martin J.; Tubb, Helen J.

doi:10.1016/s0928-3420(01)80009-4

Cited by 151 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Among different organs, the highest Si is accumulated in the husk of rice and barley grains (Sangster et al, 2001). This accumulation is important for sustainable and high grain yield by protecting the grains from excessive transpiration and pathogen infection (Ma and Takahashi, 2002).…”

Section: Hvlsi6 Is Implicated In Xylem Unloading and Intervascular Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of a Silicon Transporter Gene Implicated in Silicon Distribution in Barley

et al. 2012

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Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), Si uptake by the roots is mainly mediated by a Si channel, Low Silicon1 (HvLsi1), and an efflux transporter, HvLsi2. However, transporters involved in the distribution of Si in the shoots have not been identified. Here, we report the functional characterization of a homolog of HvLsi1, HvLsi6. HvLsi6 showed permeability for Si and localized to the plasma membrane. At the vegetative growth stage, HvLsi6 was expressed in both the roots and shoots. The expression level was unaffected by Si supply. In the roots, HvLsi6 was localized in epidermis and cortex cells of the tips, while in the leaf blades and sheaths, HvLsi6 was only localized at parenchyma cells of vascular bundles. At the reproductive growth stage, high expression of HvLsi6 was also found in the nodes. HvLsi6 in node I was polarly located at the transfer cells surrounding the enlarged vascular bundles toward the numerous xylem vessels. These results suggest that HvLsi6 is involved in Si uptake in the root tips, xylem unloading of Si in leaf blade and sheath, and intervascular transfer of Si in the nodes. Furthermore, HvLsi2 was found to be localized at the parenchyma cell layer adjacent to the transfer cells with opposite polarity of HvLsi6, suggesting that the coupling of HvLsi6 and HvLsi2 is involved in the intervascular transfer of Si at the nodes. Si translocated via the enlarged vascular bundles is unloaded to the transfer cells by HvLsi6, followed by HvLsi2 to reload Si to the diffuse vascular bundles, which are connected to the upper part of the plant, especially the panicles, the ultimate Si sink.

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Section: Hvlsi6 Is Implicated In Xylem Unloading and Intervascular Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of a Silicon Transporter Gene Implicated in Silicon Distribution in Barley

et al. 2012

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“…This view was overturned when purposefiil, active uptake of silica was demonstrated in a number of different kinds of plants, and when direct genetic control over phytolith formation was demonstrated in major genera of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Scientists now believe that silica in plants has a number of important fimctions, from giving plants structural support, to mitigating the toxic effects of aluminum and other heavy soil minerals, to providing protection from herbivores and pathogens (for reviews see Sangster et al 2001 and Pipemo, 2006a:9-15, see also below).A number of papers published recently have shed more light on these issues. Massey and Hartley (2006) demonstrated that silica in grasses not only deterred feeding by field voles, but also inhibited the growth rates of the voles by decreasing nitrogen absorption from foliage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying crop plants with phytoliths (and starch grains) in Central and South America: A review and an update of the evidence

Piperno

2009

Quaternary International

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“…Thus it was likely that downy mildew infection was controlled by the increased silicification of the epidermal cells. On Si uptake into the plant, phytoliths (silica bodies) are likely to form in cell walls, cell lumen, and intercellular spaces and in subcuticular layer (Sangster et al, 2001). In the leaf blades of rice, silica is deposited as a 2.5-mm layer immediately beneath the cuticle layer as a Si-cuticle double layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil application of potassium silicate reduces the intensity of downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves

Ratnayake

Daundasekera

Ariyarathne³

et al. 2016

Ceylon J. Sci.

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Effect of soluble silicon (Si) on downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis was tested using three concentrations of liquid potassium silicate (100, 200, 300 mg Si/kg) added to the growing medium containing top soil, compost and sand. Disease severity, plant growth parameters, silicon accumulation on leaves and cuticle-epidermal layer thickness of transverse sections of leaves were measured. Si treated plants exhibited less disease severity than that of control plants and 200 mg Si/kg treatment resulted in highly significant disease suppression (37 -53% reduction against controls). The suppression of the disease strongly correlated with the Si accumulation in leaves. Cuticle-epidermis thickness was higher in Si-treated leaves (17.2 -21.3 µm) against non-treated (10.3 -13.81 µm). Numbers of leaves, flowers or fruits in Si treated plants were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than control plants except in 300 ppm Si level. Structural changes created by Si may at least be partly responsible for reducing the fungal disease severity in bitter gourd leaves.

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Chapter 5 Silicon deposition in higher plants

Cited by 151 publications

References 117 publications

Functional Characterization of a Silicon Transporter Gene Implicated in Silicon Distribution in Barley

Functional Characterization of a Silicon Transporter Gene Implicated in Silicon Distribution in Barley

Identifying crop plants with phytoliths (and starch grains) in Central and South America: A review and an update of the evidence

Soil application of potassium silicate reduces the intensity of downy mildew in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaves

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