Chapter 6 Chinese Maternity Tourists and Their “Anchor Babies”? Disdain and Racialized Conditional Acceptance of Non-Citizen Reproduction

Rodriguez, Cassaundra

doi:10.1108/s1529-212620180000025006

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The case of "maternity" migrants reverberates the situation of more affluent pregnant women in birth tourism, who move to an economically prosperous country to give birth there and return after to their country of origin. These women view such mobility as a way to increase their children's future motility through the acquisition of their birth country's citizenship (Lozanski, 2020;Rodriguez, 2018).…”

Section: Labour Migration: Gender Ideology and Categories Of Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, their receiving states demonise their sexuality that is considered to be antithetical to the hegemonic femininity and sexuality of insider women citizens, the "legitimate" reproducers of their nations. Affluent women in birth tourism (Lozanski, 2020;Rodriguez, 2018) and pregnant migrant women escaping gender violence in their country of origin (Bloch and Taylor, 2014) also undergo such demonisation. However, unlike maternity migrants who are prone to be deported, the former intentionally return after childbirth to their country of origin, whereas the latter are often viewed by the state as helpless victims to be rescued.…”

Section: Emerging Meanings Of Spatial Mobility and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

Fresnoza‐Flot¹

2021

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education

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The rise of mobility and transnationalism perspectives in the social sciences has contributed to a burgeoning literature on the cross-border movements of people. Gender as a conceptual lens has increasingly taken a central stage in the analyses, unveiling unequal power relations as well as unmasking the often-hidden macro-social processes and structures that shape them. As a category of difference, gender influences individuals’ attitudes and behavior, including their decision to migrate or not across borders of nation-states. This raises the question of how transnational mobility and gender intersect in the lives of individuals. To shed light on this issue, this article takes stock of the literature on transnational migrations associated with social reproduction: labor, marriage, and reproductive migrations. Such research reveals individuals’ tactics to negotiate their transnational mobility and gender definitions: using the dominant gender scripts in the country of origin, reconciling the gender ideologies in their countries of origin and destination, or aligning their narratives to specific moral values. Transnational mobility acquires different social meanings at certain points in time and in varying contexts, whereas gender remains at large anchored to its heteronormative foundation. Finally, based on the analysis of existing studies, a more holistic approach to transnational mobility through a sexuality-inclusive, process-oriented, subjectivity- and agency-focused, and time-sensitive framework is called for.

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Section: Labour Migration: Gender Ideology and Categories Of Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emerging Meanings Of Spatial Mobility and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

Fresnoza‐Flot¹

2021

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education

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Strategic Citizenship in China: Birth Tourism and the “American Hukou”

Folse¹

2021

Social Problems

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The increasing acceptance of dual citizenship globally and the rise of new strategies to acquire “external” citizenship have led to a shift from studying citizenship in the confines of single nation-states to perceiving it as existing in a global hierarchy of “citizenship constellations.” Much of this literature, however, focuses on nations which permit dual citizenship and do not have internal citizenship hierarchies. This article adds to that literature by considering one such external citizenship acquisition method—popularly referred to as “birth tourism.” Based on 23 in-depth interviews and a textual analysis of an online social media group for returnees, I argue that Chinese families use the “external passport” (U.S. citizenship) within the logics of China’s “internal passport” hierarchy (the hukou) to create a unique “citizenship constellation.” U.S. citizenship—understood as the “American hukou”—is more valuable within China’s borders than beyond, as it helps navigate national fertility and education policies. However, maintaining U.S. citizenship in China requires extra labor for parents, particularly mothers. Yet these efforts are still worth it because the acquisition of global citizenship via birth tourism permits families to reap the benefits of global citizenship without damaging their social status, economic security, and family structures.

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A Novel Neutrosophic Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach

Karadayi-Usta

2022

Handbook of Research on Advances and Applications of Fuzzy Sets and Logic

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Interpretive structural modeling is of paramount importance in barrier/risk/challenge analysis as a hierarchical visual map by emphasizing the root cause of the problems. It asks expert opinions to evaluate the causal relationships of identified variables. However, in many cases experts cannot determine a relationship or can be doubtful about stating an idea. In the meantime, the neutrosophic cognitive mapping provides a step-by-step guidance in order to deal with the indeterminate relationships. Therefore, this study aims to propose a neutrosophic ISM approach and to implement it for the medical tourism services' barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic as an illustrative example. In order to do that, text mining was conducted to the medical tourism-related tweets written in English from January to December 2020 via RapidMiner software, and the barriers in medical tourism were identified. Next, the relationships between these barriers were examined via expert evaluations, and the proposed neutrosophic ISM was applied to construct a structural model.

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Chapter 6 Chinese Maternity Tourists and Their “Anchor Babies”? Disdain and Racialized Conditional Acceptance of Non-Citizen Reproduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

Negotiating Transnational Mobility and Gender Definitions in the Context of Migration

Strategic Citizenship in China: Birth Tourism and the “American Hukou”

A Novel Neutrosophic Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach

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