Chapter 6: Injuries Treated in Outpatient Clinics: Surveys and Research Data

Jones, Bruce H.; Shaffer, Richard A.; Snedecor, Michael R.

doi:10.1093/milmed/164.suppl_8.405

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Although the survey design had limitations, these findings are consistent with studies of runners indicating that higher amounts of running are associated with higher incidences of training injuries in general (150)(151)(152)(153)(154)(155). A preliminary report on alterations in the amounts of running and marching performed by Marine recruits showed that training units that reduced running mileage experienced lower incidences of stress fracture (table 5) (109). Also of note is the finding that trainees doing the least running not only experienced a 50 percent lower incidence of injuries but performed as well on a final physical fitness test (109).…”

Section: Current Physical Trainingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…For the 8-week duration of US Army basic combat training, the reported incidence of stress fracture for male trainees has ranged between 0.9 percent and 5.2 percent (102,104,105,(107)(108)(109)(110)(111), while for female trainees the incidence has ranged from 3.4 percent to 21.0 percent (102,104,105,107,(109)(110)(111). Stress fracture incidence among Marine recruits over the 12 weeks of basic training has been reported to be 0.8-4.0 percent for males (106,109,(112)(113)(114)) and 3.0-5.7 percent for females (109,115,116). Reynolds et al (117) reported the incidence of stress fracture among male infantry soldiers to be 6.9 percent over the course of 1 year.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevention of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in Athletes and Soldiers: A Systematic Review

Jones

Thacker²,

Gilchrist³

et al. 2002

Epidemiologic Reviews

245

177

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Section: Current Physical Trainingsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in Athletes and Soldiers: A Systematic Review

Jones

Thacker²,

Gilchrist³

et al. 2002

Epidemiologic Reviews

245

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Military women have higher musculoskeletal injury and stress fracture risk. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Risk factors for musculoskeletal injury and stress fracture among military trainees are similar. Less-fıt individuals often have higher risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less-fıt individuals often have higher risk. 4,6,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Being overweight or underweight, 12,22,26,27 older, 5,13,[22][23][24][25]28 sedentary lifestyle or activity levels, 4 -6,13,18,27,29 smoking, 5,13,18,23,25,30 and race 25 have been identifıed as risk factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Step Test Performance and Risk of Stress Fractures Among Female Army Trainees

Cowan

Bedno

Urban

et al. 2012

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Background: Stress fractures and other musculoskeletal injuries are major sources of morbidity among female military trainees. Several risk factors have been postulated, particularly pre-existing fıtness, usually assessed with post-entry run time for Ն1.0 mile.Purpose: Physical fıtness is not formally evaluated prior to Army entry. If a valid and simple test that identifıed women at increased risk of stress fracture were available and could be applied prior to entry, it would facilitate cost-benefıt studies of deferral or interventions. These analyses were undertaken to determine if a 5-minute step test conducted before entry identifıed women at increased risk.Methods: A prospective study was conducted of weight-qualifıed women entering the Army in [2005][2006], with analyses completed in 2011. At the pre-entry examination, information was collected on age, BMI, smoking, race, and activity level. Everyone took the step test. All outpatient medical encounters were captured, and stress fractures and other musculoskeletal injuries identifıed. Women with stress fractures and those with other musculoskeletal injuries were evaluated separately.Results: 1568 women were included in the study; 109 developed stress fractures and 803 other musculoskeletal injury. Women who failed the step test had a 76% higher stress fracture incidence and a 35% higher incidence of other musculoskeletal injuries. There was effect modifıcation between age and test failure for stress fracture.Conclusions: A step test that can be administered before military entry identifıes women with increased incidence of stress fracture and other musculoskeletal injury. This test could be used pre-entry to defer or target high-risk recruits for tailored fıtness training before or after military entrance. (Am J Prev Med 2012;42(6):620 -624)

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“…Although studies have reported prospective flexibility measures of toe-touching ability to have increased during BMT, there appears to be no clinical relevance. 30,31,39,40 Studies have shown that lower extremity stretching before training does not offer a protective effect from stress fractures or reactions. 40,41 Additionally, studies involving stretching have concluded that pre-exercise stretching did not reduce the incidence of muscle soreness or lower extremity injuries, including stress fractures, in young active adults involved in running and marching.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility as risk factor for stress-fracture development in South African male soldiers

Wood

Krüger

2015

South African Family Practice

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Background: Stress fractures are a common military training injury. Flexibility of muscles and joints may directly influence stress-fracture risk by way of altering the forces applied to bone. Hip external rotation and ankle plantar-and dorsiflexion have been inconsistently reported to pose a risk to stress fracture development in military soldiers. Thus this study aimed to present results that could help define the risk flexibility may pose in the development of stress fractures amongst military male soldiers. Methods: An experimental one-group pretest-posttest study design assessing the injury incidence, bilateral hip external rotation, ankle plantar-and dorsiflexion of South African male military soldiers (n = 100) undergoing 12 weeks of basic military training (BMT) was undertaken. The parametric t-test for dependent samples (α = 0.05) and effect size (ES) was used to analyse the data. Results: No stress fractures were diagnosed in the 100 operational military training injuries reported. BMT resulted in significant mean decreases of 10% (L) and 17% (R) in hip external rotation and 18% (L) and 14% (R) in ankle plantar flexion respectively, whilst a significant increase of 37% (L) and 39% (R) dorsiflexion was observed. Conclusions: Although normal ankle and limited hip external flexibility do not appear to predispose these male soldiers to stress fracture development these variables should not be excluded as possible intrinsic risk factors.

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Chapter 6: Injuries Treated in Outpatient Clinics: Surveys and Research Data

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Prevention of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in Athletes and Soldiers: A Systematic Review

Prevention of Lower Extremity Stress Fractures in Athletes and Soldiers: A Systematic Review

Step Test Performance and Risk of Stress Fractures Among Female Army Trainees

Flexibility as risk factor for stress-fracture development in South African male soldiers

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