Seventy‐five primary sarcomas of the heart were classified by histologic appearance as angiosarcoma (26 cases), undifferentiated sarcoma (18 cases), osteosarcoma (9 cases), fibrosarcoma (6 cases), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (6 cases), leiomyosarcoma (4 cases), myxosarcoma (3 cases), synovial sarcoma (2 cases), and neurofi‐brosarcoma (1 case). The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 75 years at the time of presentation (mean, 39 years). Angiosarcomas were predominantly right‐sided and osteosarcomas left‐sided. Forty patients treated surgically were examined, and survival correlated with clinical and histologic parameters. The survival rate was poor, with a mean of 11 months and median of 6 months. By univariate analysis, the survival rate was more favorable for patients with tumors located on the left side of the heart, without necrosis, with a low mitotic count, and without metastasis at diagnosis. Survival rates were better in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Age, gender, presence of differentiation, and histologic type did not affect prognosis. By multivariate analysis, a low level of mitotic activity and any therapy were the only significant factors affecting survival rate. Immunostaining with commercially available antisera was useful in the diagnosis of sarcoma but not in subclassification of 19 tumors so tested. Although the prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcomas is dismal, histologic grading is useful in predicting outcome, as has been shown for soft tissue sarcomas of other sites.

injuries because of the requirement for physical fitness and and with higher body mass index were at greater injury because of the amount of disability to soldiers from injuries risk than other men, as were the shortest women. We associated with training. Likewise, the civilian community conclude that female gender and low aerobic fitness requires a better understanding of the short-term risks of measured by run times are risk factors for training exercise. This is especially true because the Department of injuries in army trainees, and that other factors such as Health and Human Services has established that increased prior activity levels and stature may affect men and fitness and physical activity are to be among the nation's women differently, health promotion objectives for the year 2000."This study was the first in a series of studies; as such, it was viewed as a hypothesis-generating study. Its purpose Musculoskeletal injury rates are high in military recruit was to examine the association between several potential popuhestrenuous.Texeses hih rthes vigerallphy scar attribud intrinsic risk factors (i.e., characteristics of individuals) and to the strenuous exercises and other vigorous physical acthe occurrence of injuries to male and female recruits during army entry training. The risk factor categories examined

The benefits of exercise and physical activity, im- No. 2, pp. 197-203, 1993. It is widely acknowledged that musculoskeletal injuries occur as a result public health officials in the United States to promote of vigorous physical activity and exercise, but little quantitative greater activity and fitness levels in the population as documentation exists on the incidence of or risk factors for these major health objectives for the nation (32).injuries. This study was conducted to assess the incidence, types, and risk factors for training-related injuries among young men undergoing For some populations, such as the military, however, Army infantry basic training. Prior to training we evaluated 303 men there is a strong need to know not oniy the mcnefits.(median age 19 yr), utilizing questionnaires and measurements of but also the short-term risks of exercise. Even relatively physical fitness. Subjects were followed over 12 wk of training. Physical training was documented on a daily basis, and injuries were benign injuries, such as sprained ankles, can be costly ascertained by review of medical records for every trainee. We perin terms of lost training time and reduced "combat formed univariate and multivariate analyses of the data. Cumulative readiness" of soldiers. Because physical fitness is conincidence of subjects with one or more lower extremity trainingrelated injury was 37% (80% of all injuries). The most common sidered to be an essential element of readiness. the injuries were muscle strains, sprains, and overuse knee conditions. A Army places great emphasis on physical training. As a number of risk factors were identified, including: older age, smoking.