“…Hall and Braithwaite (1990) present an analysis in the Caribbean, which compares leakage from stopover visitors with cruise visitors, concluding that cruise passengers are more likely to spend on low leakage activities such as sightseeing and handicraft shopping. Some papers, such as Marti (1992), Cessford and Dingwall (1994), Moscardo et al (1996), Teye and Leclerc (1998), Qu and Ping, (1999), Lois et al (2001), Petrick and Sirakaya (2004), Duman and Mattila (2005), Petrick (2005), Gabe et al (2006) and Polydoropolou and Litinas (2007) among others, explore cruise 2008 137 206,691 95,514 2001 127 168,855 80,391 2005 35 41,542 17,993 2009 168 270,257 120,420 Source: Sociedad Portuaria Regional de Cartagena.…”