Chapters on Machinery and Labor

Barnett, George E.

doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674280892

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Machine Five was successful, and can be seen in a short movie here in Lindsay(2008). It could produce 125 gross pint beer bottles in a 24‐hour day using “unskilled” labor – a major breakthrough considering that a craft shop of three skilled men and three boys working a ten‐hour shift could only make 15‐20 gross (Barnett, 1926). Over the following years, Owens continued to improve the machines’ continuous forming, conveying and annealing process, and adding more “arms” to increase productivity.…”

Section: Glass Bottle Mechanization: 1903mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By 1917, 50 percent of bottles were made by his machine; there were 200 in operation; and the 15‐arm machines' speed had increased to 35 pint bottles per minute, five times more bottles than the first machine, in a fully mechanized factory. (Walbridge, 1920; Barnett, 1926; Scoville, 1948). In all, 436 Owens bottle‐making machines were put into production, with 92 shipped abroad (Paquett, 1994).…”

Section: Glass Bottle Mechanization: 1903mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The birth of modern packaging

Twede

2012

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeDuring a short two‐decade period (1879‐1903) processes for making food packages – paperboard cartons, tinplate cans and glass bottles – were mechanized by American inventor/entrepreneurs Robert Gair, Edwin Norton and Michael Owens, respectively. This paper aims to describe the context for packaged, processed food at the time, and to explore the men, their inventions, and the modern packaging industry that they collectively developed.Design/methodology/approachBiographies and patents were reviewed as well as contemporaneous and retrospective trade publications, newspapers, censuses and commentary.FindingsPackaging's industrial revolution played a key role in the development of modern marketing. Mass‐produced cartons, cans and bottles collectively became building blocks for mass markets. By the time of the first supermarket in 1920, annual sales of packaged breakfast cereal, crackers, biscuits, canned fruits and vegetables, preserves, soft drinks and other prepared foods had increased by 60‐fold over 1880 levels, 80 percent of which occurred after 1910. The packaging companies of Gair, Norton and Owens capitalized on new methods of production and business integration (and collusion) to profit from the trend, and enabled emerging national brands like Nabisco, Campbell's Soup and Coca‐Cola to successfully lead a revolution in mass marketing.Originality/valueThis paper shows why and how the practically simultaneous invention of machines to make cartons, cans and bottles was able to accelerate the development of national brands and supermarkets. Inasmuch as the histories of the three packaging forms are not considered to be in the same “industry,” this research represents a fresh interpretation of secondary sources.

show abstract

Section: Glass Bottle Mechanization: 1903mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Glass Bottle Mechanization: 1903mentioning

confidence: 99%

The birth of modern packaging

Twede

2012

Journal of Historical Research in Marketing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…En Amérique, l'interprétation théorique du mouvement syndical développée par les Webb fut reprise par Barnett (1926) dont la préoccupation politique était de promouvoir une façon plus efficace de distribuer la richesse. Il réaffirme d'ailleurs que les syndicats ne sont efficaces qu'au niveau économique et que leur effet à titre de mouvement social demeure largement secondaire.…”

Section: Le Syndicalisme Agent De Réforme Socialeunclassified

“…Bien que Barnett, au début de sa carrière, croit profondément que le syndicalisme est l'instrument privilégié afin d'établir une démocratie industrielle, il changera plus tard d'avis et proposera un mode d'action plus réglementaire ou législatif, un peu comme le concevait les Webb. Il deviendra d'ailleurs critique à l'égard des syndicats en affirmant qu'ils ont tendance à favoriser leur aristocratie et ne peuvent finalement pas résoudre les problèmes des plus démunis (Barnett 1926). La démocratie industrielle devra donc être actualisée par d'autres moyens que l'action syndicale qui se limite à promouvoir le progrès économique, mais qui ne peux établir l'équilibre de pouvoir entre les forces sociales.…”

Section: Le Syndicalisme Agent De Réforme Socialeunclassified

Des théories du syndicalisme

Paquet

Tremblay

Gosselin

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

À partir d’une revue de la littérature anglo-saxonne, l’article offre une synthèse des principaux écrits sur les théories du syndicalisme. Il présente la première vague théorique où le syndicalisme est considéré soit comme un agent de la révolution, de transformation ou d’accommodement du capitalisme. Dans la seconde vague théorique, le syndicalisme est plutôt considéré comme un acteur interagissant avec l’employeur. C’est donc en regard de l’existence ou non d’un conflit fondamental d’intérêts entre les employeurs et les travailleurs que les théories s’articuleront. La pertinence contemporaine des diverses contributions théoriques est également analysée. Les auteurs concluent que, parmi les approches de la première vague, la théorie du syndicalisme d’affaires demeure la plus éclairante bien que cette forme de syndicalisme comporte aujourd’hui une dimension d’engagement social dépassant les milieux de travail. Mais la régulation des conditions de travail par la négociation collective demeure cependant la fonction première de l’activité syndicale.

show abstract

“…He noted that groups differed in the number of grievances generated, the number of spontaneous outbursts against management, their internal cohesion, their labor union participation, and their performance evaluation by management. Reminiscent of Barnett (1926), Sayles created a behavioral typology of four groups: "apathetic" groups (low use of pressure tactics, undefined leadership, internal disunity, suppressed discontent; "erratic" groups (easily inflamed, inconsistent pressure tactics, volatile relations to management, centralized leadership, active in union) ; "strategic" groups (continuous, well-planned grievances, high unity, sustained union participation, good production records) ; "conservative" groups (restrained pressure on management, moderate unity, inactivity cycles in unions, and grievance participation). These groups differ in their occupational composition and in the way that technological systems organize their work processes.…”

Section: Who Is Winning the Class Battle To Control Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociological Research and the American Working Class

Form

1983

The Sociological Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Postwar literature reveals that sociologists disagree on the composition of the working class and neglect to specify relationships among its manual, clerical, and service workers. Contrary to Marxist thought, evidence on the deskilling of working-class occupations is inconclusive. Marxist and non-Marxists agree that management has not succeeded in dictating the control of work. The literature fails to locate connections between technology, work alienation, job dissatisfaction, and the societal alienation of workers. Weakest theory and research deal with the political mobilization of the working class, which is hampered by its internal stratification and cleavages. Paradoxically, labor unions are more effective in promoting consumer interests than those of their members or other workers.

show abstract

Chapters on Machinery and Labor

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The birth of modern packaging

The birth of modern packaging

Des théories du syndicalisme

Sociological Research and the American Working Class

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About