Character of Function and Size in Kidney During Normal Growth of Rats

Potter, Donald; Jarrah, Azmi S.; Sakai, Tadasu; Harrah, Jean; Holliday, Malcolm A.

doi:10.1203/00006450-196901000-00007

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the assumption that this ratio is always constant relative to age is disputed by Braun-Menendez (7) who found that it diminished with age. The formula for SA closely resembles the allometric equation (32,39,41,44,45) but the power of 0.66 (for SA) is less than that found by allometry for KW (0.75-0.80) in most strains of rats. Recently Aschinberg et al (31) reported greater CRG in puppies compared with older dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Compensatory Renal Growth in the Mouse. I. Allometric Approach to the Effect of Age

et al. 1981

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SummaryAllometry, defined as the relationship between the growth rates of organs to the weight of the whole body (38), was used to study the effect of age on the degree of compensatory renal growth (CRG) in the mouse. The normal growth of the kidneys relative to body weight (BW) was determined in animals between 5 to 50 days of age. In one group, nephrectomy and sham operations were performed at 5, 15, and 35 days of age. The remaining ("renoprival") kidney was removed 15 days postnephrectomy. In a second group, nephrectomy was performed on 5-day-old animals, the renoprival kidney being removed after 30 or 45 days. Regression equations were calculated by least-squares after logarithmic transformation and different groups were compared by analysis of covariance. The regression equation for the control kidney was kidney weight (KW) = 0.0093 BW0.86 (r = 0.96). The regression for renoprival kidneys in females was KW = 0.0142 BwO.'~ (r = O.%) after 15 days and, in comparison, was not significantly different after 30 to 45 days. The intrval between control and renoprival regressions was equivalent to a difference of 243% KW. In male mice, the regression for renoprival kidneys after 15 days was KW = 0.0103 BW0.96 (r = 0.98) and was not significantly different after 30 to 45 days. This study suggests that in young mice the time required for complete CRG may be a maximum of 15 days and that the amount of CRG does not depend on the age at operation. After CRG, a new equilibrium is reached which is therafter maintained up to a minimum of 50 days of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The relationship between KW and BW in rats has been shown to conform to this principle (32,39,41,44,45), where:…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory Renal Growth in the Mouse. I. Allometric Approach to the Effect of Age

et al. 1981

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“…Thus, it remains possible that the renin angiotensin system played some role in the delayed recovery of the 2-week-old group; there is no evidence for or against this possibility. On the other hand, this period in the development is characterized by spontaneously occurring changes in many parameters of renal function, including maturation of superficial cortical glomeruli, renal blood flow, filcation fraction, a k tubular transport (9,16,27,30,32). and quite possibly, immaturity of both glomerular and tubular function limits the ability of the younger animal to eliminate the nephrotoxin, independently of the renin angiotensin system.…”

Section: H9ch 47mg/kgsqmentioning

confidence: 99%

HgCl2-induced Acute Renal Failure in the Developing Rat

et al. 1980

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SummaryThe present investigation was undertaken to find the differences, if any, in the pattern of nephrotoxic acute renal failure (HgCI2, 4.7 mg/kg body weight SC). in the developing rat and its relationship to the renin angiotensin system. No differences in renal cortical renin content were found between 2. 4, and 8 week olds, but plasma renin concentration was highest at 2 weeks and declined with age. Plasma renin was significantly increased in all groups 6 hr after HgCl2 injection, and the percentage of increase was highest in the 4 week olds. Despite these differences in initial plasma renin and in changes in plasma renin after HgCI2, the pattern of acute renal failure (as assessed by changes in blood urea nitrogen) was similar in the three groups for the first three days. Subsequently, the 4 and 8 week olds exhibited recoverv ( b i d urea nitrogen began to decline), wheras blood urea nitrogeh continued to increase to the fifth day in the 2 week olds. The mortality was highest in this group. No simple correlation was observed between basal renal renin, plasma renin, the increase in plasma renin following HgCl2 injection, and the pattern or severity of acute renal failure.volumes were recorded for the duration of the study. The urine collected for the 24 hr preceding the experiment was analyzed for Na'. K ' . and C1-. On the morning of the experiment, a tail vein blood sample was obtained from the 8-week-old animals for control BUN. Then HgC12 was administered SC (4.7 mg HgCI2 per ml 140 mM NaCI, I ml/kg body weight), and BUN determinations were repeated I, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days later.Because of the possible deleterious effect of initial blood sampling in the 4-week-old animals, only one-third of this group had a baseline BUN determination. Then the group was divided into 2 subgroups: those that had BUN determinations on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and those that had BUN determinations on days 2, 5, and 7. Although somewhat higher BUN values were observed in those which had an initial tail vein sample drawn, the results were not significantly different from those which did not.The 2-week-old pups were allowed to stay with their mothers because the weaning age in rats is approximately 3 weeks. Random animals were sacrificed from the litters for baseline BUN values, and the rest received HgC12 as stated above. Because of the difficulty of obtaining serial samples in these small animals, random DUDS were sacrificed for BUN determinations on days I, 2, 3, 4, '5,'and 7. To follow body weight changes as weil as Speculation mortality, renal failure was induced in additional litters of 2-week-The delayed recovery of renal function in younger rats may be old pups. Survivors of this group were sacrificed at 7 days for due to a limitation in their ability to eliminate nephrotoxin imposed BUN determinations. Mean body weight of this group was comby immaturity of both glomerular and tubular function. pared with that found in other litters of 2-week-old pups which had received NaCl(140 mM: I ml/kg) rather than HgCI2. . -Urinary Na'...

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“…Kidneys from offspring of protein deficient rats are smaller and morphologically immature as compared to controls (22), and it was suggested that the reduction in kidney weight in protein deficient offspring was due to a reduction in nephron number (23 (25), when they treated pregnant rabbits with penicillin during the last half of pregnancy. Penicillin treatment resulted in an enhancement of PAH transport in renal cortical slices from the offspring at ages ranging from 1 day to 2 weeks (Fig.…”

Section: Normal Functional Kidney Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal nephropathies.

Gibson¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

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The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation. Images FIGURE 2. A FIGURE 2. B FIGURE 2. C FIGURE 2. D

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Character of Function and Size in Kidney During Normal Growth of Rats

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Compensatory Renal Growth in the Mouse. I. Allometric Approach to the Effect of Age

Compensatory Renal Growth in the Mouse. I. Allometric Approach to the Effect of Age

HgCl2-induced Acute Renal Failure in the Developing Rat

Perinatal nephropathies.

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