Characterisation of a novel lyssavirus isolated from Pteropid bats in Australia

Gould, Allan R.; Hyatt, Alex D.; Lunt, Ross; Kattenbelt, J.; Hengstberger, S.; Blacksell, Stuart D.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(98)00025-2

Cited by 177 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Comparison of the viral nucleoprotein gene (N) delineated six genotypes: four matched the previously described serotypes (1, Rabies virus; 2, Lagos bat virus; 3, Mokola virus; and 4, Duvenhage virus), and two additional genotypes were created for European bat lyssavirus (EBL) type 1 (5, EBL1) and type 2 (6, EBL2) (6). Finally, an Australian bat lyssavirus (ABL) responsible for human cases (23,24) was proposed to inaugurate a seventh new genotype, which is closely related to genotype 1 (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of TwoLyssavirusPhylogroups with Distinct Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity

Badrane

Bahloul

Perrin

et al. 2001

J Virol

284

217

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The genetic diversity of representative members of the Lyssavirus genus (rabies and rabies-related viruses) was evaluated using the gene encoding the transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the virus-host interaction, immunogenicity, and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analysis distinguished seven genotypes, which could be divided into two major phylogroups having the highest bootstrap values. Phylogroup I comprises the worldwide genotype 1 (classic Rabies virus), the European bat lyssavirus (EBL) genotypes 5 (EBL1) and 6 (EBL2), the African genotype 4 (Duvenhage virus), and the Australian bat lyssavirus genotype 7. Phylogroup II comprises the divergent African genotypes 2 (Lagos bat virus) and 3 (Mokola virus). We studied immunogenic and pathogenic properties to investigate the biological significance of this phylogenetic grouping. Viruses from phylogroup I (Rabies virus and EBL1) were found to be pathogenic for mice when injected by the intracerebral or the intramuscular route, whereas viruses from phylogroup II (Mokola and Lagos bat viruses) were only pathogenic by the intracerebral route. We showed that the glycoprotein R333 residue essential for virulence was naturally replaced by a D333 in the phylogroup II viruses, likely resulting in their attenuated pathogenicity. Moreover, cross-neutralization distinguished the same phylogroups. Within each phylogroup, the amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein ectodomain was at least 74% identical, and antiglycoprotein virus-neutralizing antibodies displayed cross-neutralization. Between phylogroups, the identity was less than 64.5% and the cross-neutralization was absent, explaining why the classical rabies vaccines (phylogroup I) cannot protect against lyssaviruses from phylogroup II. Our tree-axial analysis divided lyssaviruses into two phylogroups that more closely reflect their biological characteristics than previous serotypes and genotypes.

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of TwoLyssavirusPhylogroups with Distinct Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity

Badrane

Bahloul

Perrin

et al. 2001

J Virol

284

217

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“…Recent emerging or re-emerging diseases of public health significance that have their origin in bats include infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (Ge et al, 2013), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (Memish et al, 2013), Hendra virus (Halpin et al, 2000), Nipah virus (Chua et al, 2002), Ebola virus (Leroy et al, 2005;Leroy et al, 2009) and Australian bat lyssavirus (Gould et al, 1998). In addition to this, ongoing research into bat-borne viruses using next-generation sequencing-based protocols is continually revealing new viral species (Dacheux et al, 2014;Sano et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of a novel poxvirus from a flying fox: evidence for a new genus?

O’Dea

Pang

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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The carcass of an Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus) which died following entrapment on a fence was submitted to the laboratory for Australian bat lyssavirus exclusion testing, which was negative. During post-mortem, multiple nodules were noted on the wing membranes, and therefore degenerate PCR primers targeting the poxvirus DNA polymerase gene were used to screen for poxviruses. The poxvirus PCR screen was positive and sequencing of the PCR product demonstrated very low, but significant, similarity with the DNA polymerase gene from members of the Poxviridae family. Next-generation sequencing of DNA extracted from the lesions returned a contig of 132 353 nucleotides (nt), which was further extended to produce a near full-length viral genome of 133 492 nt. Analysis of the genome revealed it to be AT-rich with inverted terminal repeats of at least 1314 nt and to contain 143 predicted genes. The genome contains a surprisingly large number (29) of genes not found in other poxviruses, one of which appears to be a homologue of the mammalian TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the poxvirus described here is not closely related to any other poxvirus isolated from bats or other species, and that it likely should be placed in a new genus.

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“…Based on sequence analysis, ABLV is related to other bat lyssaviruses but it is most closely related to classical rabies virus (Gould et al, 1998). Hence, the cross-protection against ABLV infection provided by currently used rabies vaccines (Fooks, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%