Characterisation of ‘Braeburn’ browning disorder by means of X-ray micro-CT

Analysis of the dynamic mechanical properties of apple tissue and relationships with the intracellular water status, gas distribution, histological properties and chemical composition

“…Apple has a very heterogeneous tissue (Herremans et al, 2013;Khan and Vincent, 1990;Winisdorffer et al, 2015). It is highly porous and its mechanical behavior depends on several factors such as internal turgor pressure, characteristics of water within cell compartments, the mechanical properties and thickness of cell walls, size of cells and pores, and orientation of cells in the tissue (Gao and Pitt, 1991;Oey et al, 2007).…”

Assessment of bruise volumes in apples using X-ray computed tomography

“…In the research of Mitsuhashi-Gonzalez et al (2010), bruised tissue resulting from compression was studied with fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to visualise dead and living cells, air spaces and cracks. Herremans et al (2013) investigated the changes in microstructure during the development of internal browning in 'Braeburn' using high resolution X-ray micro-CT. As mentioned in Materials and Methods, more discrete levels were used to segment the bruises in 'Joly Red' than in 'Jonagold' and 'Kanzi'. The reason for this is that in several 'Joly Red' apples, even after the erosion step for skin removal, tissue parts near the apple surface were classified as 'bruised' when only three levels were used.…”

“…As a result, X-ray techniques have been explored to detect several kinds of internal defects in agricultural products. These defects are often detectable with X-ray imaging because they change the tissue density locally or the distribution of the water content (Donis-González et al, 2014;Herremans et al, 2013Herremans et al, , 2014aHerremans et al, , 2014bKotwaliwale et al, 2014;Lammertyn et al, 2003). Bruise damage in apples is one of these defects that has been found to be detectable by using linescanning X-ray equipment (Diener et al, 1970;Schatzki et al, 1997).…”

Non-Destructive Global and Localized 2D T1/T2 NMR Relaxometry to Resolve Microstructure in Apples Affected by Watercore

“…In the particular case of fruit, the study of microstructure can help when extending shelf life by applying drying processes for preservation (Prothon et al 2001;Mujumdar and Law 2010;Fernandes et al 2011;Pei et al 2013) or storage for large periods in a controlled atmosphere (Herremans et al 2013a). The latter is of the utmost importance for fruit, which may be affected by some disorders.…”

“…Recent studies have used X-ray and micro-X-ray CT for apple microstructure study (Mendoza et al 2010;Verboven et al 2008;Ting et al 2013;Herremans et al 2013a, b). This technique allows the microstructure elucidation with resolution of a few micrometres.…”