Characterisation of brown coal humic acids and modified humic acids using pyrolysis gcms and other techniques

On-line size-exclusion chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry of aquatic humic and fulvic acids

“…review by Sonnenberg6) and pyrolysis‐MS7 have been widely used as mass spectrometric techniques for this purpose, often in conjunction with spectroscopic techniques, e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) 8–10…”

Isolation of Organic Matter by the Naoh-HCL Method From Two Marine Oil Shales Using Oven and Sealed Autoclave Techniques

“…A similar effect of severity of NaOH treatment has been observed for brown coals; humic acid extracted from a Victorian coal under conditions giving a small yield contained little wax-derived, high-H/C-atomic ratio material compared to the final humin after humic acid extraction, and therefore had a lower H/C ratio than the humin. However, the composition of the humic acid approached that of the humin as the NaOH extraction conditions became more severe [27].…”

“…For low-rank coals there is also a similarity in structure (elemental analysis and Py-GC-MS) between the coal, humin and even humic acid when the humic acid yield is sufficiently high [27,41]. This applies even though the humic acid yield under comparable conditions is much higher for low-rank coals than for oil shale.…”

“…The fact that the NaOH-HCl method divides the OM of the oil shale into distinct fractions defined by their acid and alkali solubility may facilitate investigation of the structure of the oil shale OM in ways that have not been applied previously. Such investigations on low-rank coal have been fruitful [26,27].…”

Thermochemolysis of winery wastewater particulates—Molecular structural implications for water reuse

“…Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) provides a broad functional group characterization when applied to WWW particulates, with the advantage of probing their mineral, non volatile or thermally labile components which are not amenable to gas chromatography. FT-IR is well established for the characterization of intractable organic solids such as coals and kerogens [19].…”