Characterisation of Dalmarnock fire Test One

Abecassis-Empis, Cecilia; Reszka, Pedro; Steinhaus, Thomas; Cowlard, Adam; Biteau, Hubert; Welch, Stephen; Rein, Guillermo; Torero, José L.

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.11.006

Cited by 60 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1. Extensive information on the layout, experimental setup and outcome of the Dalmarnock fire tests can be found elsewhere [5,10], but an overview is included here for quick reference. The main experimental compartment was the living room 2.45 m high, 3.50 m by 4.75 m in area, with a window and connected to another room and the hallway.…”

Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a few real-scale fire tests in enclosures have been conducted and very few of them had the required level of instrumentation for field model comparison; the BRE large compartment test series [3], NIST's experiments for the World Trade Center (WTC) [4] and The Dalmarnock Fire Tests [5] to name the most important. All these have been the objective of fire modelling.…”

Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of sensors were installed throughout the flat in order to monitor in detail the fire development [5,10]. Dalmarnock is the only fire test to date with an instrumentation density high enough to provide measurements with spatial resolution suitable for comparison with field models.…”

Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where m blk is the initial mass of the blanket (estimated at 1.2 kg), Δh c,blk its heat of combustion of cotton (16.5 MJ/kg [17]), m hep is the mass of the heptane added to the blanket (0.07 kg for the estimated 100 ml poured over the blanket [5]) and Δh c,hep is the heat of combustion of heptane (44.5 MJ/kg [18]). A decay function of the form (t-t 0 ) 2 was introduced to complete the consumption of the blanket mass, where t 0 is the burnout time and set to 400 s. The resulting fast t-square fire for the blanket alone can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Ignition Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

Jahn¹,

Rein²,

Torero³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The sensitivity of computer fire modelling using results from NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to a set of input parameters related to fire growth has been analyzed. The scenario simulated is the real-scale Dalmarnock Fire Test One and the modelling results are compared to the measurements. Fire size and location, convection, radiation and combustion parameters were varied in order to determine the associated degree of sensitivity. Emphasis is put in the prediction of secondary ignition and time to flashover. In this context and while keeping the HRR constant, simulations of fire growth are significantly sensitive to location of the heat release rate (HRR), fire area, flame radiative fraction, and material thermal and ignition properties. The simulations are relatively insensitive to the heat of combustion (while keeping the HRR constant), the soot yield and the heating from the smoke layer. The results indicate that the future development of successful fire forecast methodologies of fire growth using CFD must focus on the global HRR as well as the important parameters identified here. KEYWORDS: FDS, prediction, Dalmarnock, modelling, forecast NOMENCLATURE LISTINGHeat of combustion (kJ/kg)

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Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large-scale Tests and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ignition Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

Jahn¹,

Rein²,

Torero³

2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…which can later be retrieved for forensic analysis. While Type 1 sensors have been used for fire tests ( [8], [9]), modern communication protocols should be able to support Type 2 sensors, where the transmission bit rate can be increased during critical events such as growth of the fire and its movement from the point of origin throughout the building. Furthermore, the use of Type 3 sensors in wireless sensor networks is potentially feasible.…”

Section: Sensors-data Acquisition Unit (Dau)-data Translation Unit (Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Architecture for an Integrated Fire Emergency Response System for the Built Environment

Upadhyay¹,

Pringle²,

Beckett³

et al. 2008

Fire Saf. Sci.

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FireGrid is a modern concept that aims to leverage a number of modern technologies to aid fire emergency response. In this paper we provide a brief introduction to the FireGrid project. A number of different technologies such as wireless sensor networks, grid-enabled High Performance Computing (HPC) implementation of fire models, and artificial intelligence tools need to be integrated to build up a modern fire emergency response system. We propose a system architecture that provides the framework for integration of the various technologies. We describe the components of the generic FireGrid system architecture in detail. Finally we present a small-scale demonstration experiment which has been completed to highlight the concept and application of the FireGrid system to an actual fire. Although our proposed system architecture provides a versatile framework for integration, a number of new and interesting research problems need to be solved before actual deployment of the system. We outline some of the challenges involved which require significant interdisciplinary collaborations.

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Experimental study on the time‐dependent smoke densities at 39 locations in a multi‐floor building through a digital smoke detector system

Xie

Li²,

Plocher

et al. 2013

Fire and Materials

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The objective of this study was to quantitatively investigate some characteristics of the smoke transportation in multi‐floor buildings. Eight experiments were conducted for worst scenario. The effects of an open window in the burning room on the smoke transportation are also analyzed. The time‐dependent smoke densities at 39 locations in a half‐scale building with an atrium were measured through a digital smoke detector system. The results indicate that the chimney effect plays an important role in the smoke transportation in multi‐floor buildings with atriums. For the effects of the open window, the results suggest that the smoke densities at most locations in the building increase earlier when a window is open but have a smaller peak value than those results in the cases without any outer vents. It is suggested that a building without vertical atrium would be safer than those with long ones. More attention should be paid to those spaces when the fire protection systems are designed for buildings with atriums. The data of the time‐dependent smoke densities at tens of locations in the building are useful for the validation of smoke transportation models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Characterisation of Dalmarnock fire Test One

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics

An Architecture for an Integrated Fire Emergency Response System for the Built Environment

Experimental study on the time‐dependent smoke densities at 39 locations in a multi‐floor building through a digital smoke detector system

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