Characterisation of induced Malus x domestica ‘Royal Gala’ cell differentiation by using different hormones in cell cultures

Karim, Siti Khadijah A.; Read, Nicola; David, Karine; Allan, Andrew C.; Schaffer, Robert J.

doi:10.1080/14620316.2022.2051757

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Fruit development starts with successful fertilisation. This event releases the hormones necessary to consecutively induce the stages of fruit set, cell division, cell expansion, and ripening [10,11]. The entire process takes 20 to 21 weeks, which culminates with the production of a crisp fruit with a waxy cuticle (Figure 1a, 1b, and 1c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cell division stage begins during fruit set, a stage characterised by the rapid amplification of cell numbers [11,12]. Division ceases three to four weeks after pollination to allow expansion to take place [10,11]. Although cell expansion continues until full ripening, the process reaches its peak 40 to 60 Days After Anthesis [11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Division ceases three to four weeks after pollination to allow expansion to take place [10,11]. Although cell expansion continues until full ripening, the process reaches its peak 40 to 60 Days After Anthesis [11,13]. The onset of ripening occurs at 90 DAFB, after which the fruit would continue to mature until fully ripened by 146 DAFB [11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cell expansion continues until full ripening, the process reaches its peak 40 to 60 Days After Anthesis [11,13]. The onset of ripening occurs at 90 DAFB, after which the fruit would continue to mature until fully ripened by 146 DAFB [11,13]. The ripening stage is particularly crucial as it entails the changes necessary to increase the fruit's attractiveness to agents of seed dispersal such as birds and animals [11,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell cycle progression is a controlled process involving specific checkpoints monitored by a large family of serine/threonine protein kinases, such as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), an activating subunit, the cyclins and CDK inhibitors [12,17]. Although CDKB2;1 is relatively well-studied [18,19], CDKB2;2 is not, likely due to its absence in some plant species [11]. In apples, the MdCDKB2 gene has been identified by Janssen et al [13] from a microarray data pool, findings which were then refined and elaborated upon by Malladi and Johnson [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell division controls final fruit size in three apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars

Karim¹,

Allan²,

Schaffer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Apple (Malus x domestica) fruit size is dependent on cell division and cell expansion, processes which are subsequently regulated by plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. In this study, we investigated the role of cell division and cell expansion in apple growth and identified which of the two was more deterministic to final fruit size. Three cultivars of different sizes were selected, namely, ‘Twenty Ounce’ (large-sized), ‘Royal Gala’ (medium-sized), and ‘Crabapple’ (small-sized). Gene expression and cell size analyses were conducted over the course of two consecutive seasons. The expression patterns of three classes of genes were markedly similar across all cultivars. Two cell division markers, namely, MdCDKB2;2 and MdANT2, were discovered to be correlatively expressed as both displayed initially high expression levels, which gradually declined from the early to late stages of growth time course. For cell expansion markers, MdEXP3 was upregulated as the cells expanded, while MdARF106 was expressed in both the cell division and expansion stages. Meanwhile, the ripening related gene MdACO1 was expectedly expressed only during the ending stages associated with ripening. Interestingly, the cell measurements taken regularly from each cultivar throughout the same eperimental timespan showed that cell sizes were unaltered and remained constant from initial pollination at the zeroth Days After Pollination (DAP), to ripening at 120 Days After Full Bloom (DAFB).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cell division controls final fruit size in three apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars

Karim¹,

Allan²,

Schaffer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cell Division Controls Final Fruit Size in Three Apple (Malus x domestica) Cultivars

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apple (Malus x domestica) fruit size is dependent on cell division and cell expansion, processes that are subsequently regulated by plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. In this study, we investigated the role of cell division and cell expansion in apple growth and identified which of the two was more deterministic of final fruit size. Three cultivars of different sizes were selected, namely, “Twenty Ounce” (large-sized), “Royal Gala” (medium-sized), and “Crabapple” (small-sized). Gene expression and cell size analyses were conducted over the course of two consecutive seasons. The expression patterns of three classes of genes were markedly similar across all cultivars. Two cell division markers, namely MdCDKB2;2 and MdANT2, were discovered to be correlatively expressed, as both displayed initially high expression levels, which gradually declined from the early to late stages of the growth time course. For cell expansion markers, MdEXP3 was upregulated as the cells expanded, while MdARF106 was expressed in both the cell division and expansion stages. Meanwhile, the ripening-related gene MdACO1 was expectedly expressed only during the ending stages associated with ripening. Interestingly, the cell measurements taken regularly from each cultivar throughout the same experimental timespan showed that cell sizes were unaltered and remained constant from initial pollination at the zeroth Day After Pollination (DAP) to ripening at 120 Days After Full Bloom (DAFB).

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Effects of Hormonal Regulation on Cell Number and Cell Size in Determining Fruit Size: A Mini-Review

Karim,

Zainal,

Sidik

2024

MAB

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Fruits are sold by weight, and hence, fruit size is a central indicator of fruit yield and quality. In horticultural industries, fruit growers and researchers continually search for and improve cultivation methods to enhance fruit size. By providing a fundamental understanding of how fruit size is regulated in plants, the process of cell number production followed by the increase of cell size has been widely studied. Molecular and cellular approaches provide direction to both scientists and breeders in fruit quality enhancement. This mini-review discussed the interplay among major plant hormones in regulating cell number production and cell size in horticultural plants. We focused on hormones that are mainly involved in determining cell proliferation and cell size and on their interaction during genetic regulation and their signaling pathways, which in turn, influence final fruit size. We also deliberated the current findings around this research niche at cellular and molecular levels. This will ultimately assist breeders in improving the fruit quality, and yield and increase profit.

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Characterisation of induced Malus x domestica ‘Royal Gala’ cell differentiation by using different hormones in cell cultures

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Cell division controls final fruit size in three apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars

Cell division controls final fruit size in three apple (Malus x domestica) cultivars

Cell Division Controls Final Fruit Size in Three Apple (Malus x domestica) Cultivars

Effects of Hormonal Regulation on Cell Number and Cell Size in Determining Fruit Size: A Mini-Review

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