Characterisation of permanent markers by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Werf, Inez Dorothé van der; Germinario, Giulia; Palmisano, Francesco; Sabbatini, Luigia

doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4714-z

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Typical design of a marker pen includes the tip inserted at its head, and an ink barrel loaded in a plastic casing. As shown in Figure b, the writing color of the marker pen is decided by the choice of pigment filled in the ink barrel . Tip of the marker is a long stick which is porous and sponge‐like material, protruding slightly out as shown in Figure c.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding UV–vis absorption spectra of these colored films are shown in Figure e, which exhibit broad absorption bands covering the entire visible range. This kind of absorption characteristics is typical of phthalocyanine‐based pigments as they are being used in the commercial marker pens to impart desired colors (spectra are shown with the respective colors of the ink, see Figure e) . Further, in order to probe the UV absorption characteristics of these pigments, solutions of different colored (black, red, and blue) inks were made by dissolving the inks in ethanol solvent, and their characteristic UV–vis absorption spectra were recorded (see Figure S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of pens can be categorized based on writing tip or point, namely ball point, roller ball, fountain, and marker. Commercially available inks can be a complex medium comprising liquid or paste that contains colorants made of pigments or dyes, solvent as carrier medium, and resins as binder or glue . Inks can be tailor designed according to the specific application requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Marker Pen Lithography for Flexible and Curvilinear On‐Chip Energy Storage

Jiang

Kurra

Alshareef

2015

Adv Funct Materials

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wileyonlinelibrary.comcarbon have been explored in fabricating MSCs. [7][8][9][10][11] For example, activated, [ 7 ] carbide derived, [ 8 ] onion-like carbon, [ 9 ] graphene [ 10 ] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [ 11 ] have been patterned employing conventional photolithography and various deposition methods such as sputtering, ink-jet printing, electrophoretic, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Furthermore, several pseudocapacitive materials including transition metal oxides (RuO 2 , MnO 2 ), [ 12,13 ] hydroxides (Ni(OH) 2 ), [ 14 ] and conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole and PEDOT) [15][16][17][18] have also been employed in fabricating MSCs. However, most of the reported methods involving conventional photolithography techniques which involve use of masks in a typical microfabrication protocol operated in a cleanroom environment. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In order to avoid multistep processing, complex and costly fabrication equipment, direct write innovative methods have been proposed in fabricating carbon-based MSCs. For example, laser source was used to fabricate reduced graphene oxide (rGO) MSCs by reducing graphene oxide (GO) locally. [ 19 ] EI-Kady and Kaner have demonstrated scalable fabrication of rGO MSCs by ordinary digital video disk (DVD) laser scribing technique. [ 20 ] Recently, laser-induced graphitization was employed to transform commercial polymer substrate into 3D porous graphene fi lms for fabricating MSCs in a direct manner. [ 21 ] Printing techniques such as ink-jet printing and laser printing technologies were employed to fabricate conducting polymer-based MSCs. [ 22,23 ] Though these direct write methods have lower resolution (width and spacing between the fi ngers is on the order of 0.5-1 mm) than conventional photolithography-based methods, the performance of devices fabricated using these direct-write methods seems to be comparable to that of state-of-the-art thin fi lm-based energy storage devices. However, most of the direct write techniques have been focused on fabricating carbon-based MSCs. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a versatile strategy in fabricating pseudocapacitive microsupercapacitors on rigid, fl exible, and even curved surfaces without the need of masks, complex processing, or a cleanroom environment.Pen is a simple, yet universal, tool that has been commonly used for writing text or drawing designs on a variety of surfaces over the years. Different types of pens can be categorized based on writing tip or point, namely ball point, roller ball, fountain, and marker. Commercially available inks can be a On-chip energy storage using microsupercapacitors can serve the dual role of supplementing batteries for pulse power delivery, and replacement of bulky electrolytic capacitors in ac-line fi ltering applications. Despite complexity and processing costs, microfabrication techniques are being employed in fabricating a great variety of microsupercapacitor devices. Here, a simple, cost-effective, and versatile strategy is proposed to...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marker Pen Lithography for Flexible and Curvilinear On‐Chip Energy Storage

Jiang

Kurra

Alshareef

2015

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[1617] Azo dyes have been identified in inks of permanent markers for the general use. [18] Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported after skin marking with henna containing p-phenylenediamine. [19]…”

Section: Skin Markingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative site marking in dermatosurgery

Wollina

2019

J Cutan Aesthet Surg

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Dermatosurgery is a growing subspeciality due to increasing numbers of skin cancer and aesthetic procedures. Patient safety is a major issue in dermatosurgery. Quality management, education, and organization are the backbone of patient safety. A simple measure to support patient’s safety and to avoid wrong site surgery is preoperative skin marking. Permanent skin markers offer a painless and cost-effective option. To ensure optimal results, the following problems need careful consideration: good viability after disinfection, sterility of the operation field, no sensitization, or toxic effects of the ink. These issues are discussed in detail to allow a safe and successful procedure.

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“…While writing with a ball point pen, the surface roughness of the substrate (most commonly paper) causes the ball to rotate within the tip delivering ink from the reservoir onto the substrate . Commercial inks used in pens are composed of complex formulations of dyes, pigments, and glues or polymeric binders to meet the desired writing requirement . The simplicity and versatility of the pen has inspired researchers to pursue the development of conductive inks for use in directly writing electronics onto inexpensive paper substrates .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Writing of Additive‐Free MXene‐in‐Water Ink for Electronics and Energy Storage

Quain

Mathis

Kurra

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

127

103

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Additive‐free, single step formulations of MXene‐in‐water inks are developed from clay‐like titanium carbide (Ti3C2) sediments. Solution‐processable Ti3C2 inks are compatible with stamping, printing, painting, and writing on a variety of substrates. Specifically, MXene‐in‐water inks at higher concentrations of 30 mg mL−1 are employed in commercially available pens for dispensing and patterning 2D MXene directly. These MXene pens are employed either manually or automatically using an AxiDraw, enabling direct‐writing and complex patterning of functional MXene devices. Versatile MXene pens show compatible writing on a variety of substrates, including paper and polymers, where the deposited ink is used as a passive circuit, similar to silver and copper nanoparticle inks. Written MXene lines without additional post‐treatment exhibit length dependent resistance, showing typical resistivity values between carbon based and metal nanoparticle inks. Current collector‐free fabrication of MXene micro‐supercapacitors is demonstrated on unconventional platforms including paper, textiles, and curved surfaces directly.

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Characterisation of permanent markers by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Marker Pen Lithography for Flexible and Curvilinear On‐Chip Energy Storage

Marker Pen Lithography for Flexible and Curvilinear On‐Chip Energy Storage

Preoperative site marking in dermatosurgery

Direct Writing of Additive‐Free MXene‐in‐Water Ink for Electronics and Energy Storage

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