Characterisation of radioactive particles in the environment†

Salbu, Brit; Krekling, Trygve

doi:10.1039/a800314i

Cited by 193 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

109

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The relative index of metal mobility was calculated as the mobility factor (MF) on the basis of an equation described by several investigators (Salbu et al, 1998;Kabala and Singh, 2001). …”

Section: Mobility Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These forms are in kinetic equilibrium and determine the mobility and bioavailability of these metals. Sequential chemical extraction methods have been widely employed to differentiate the chemical forms of heavy metals in soils (Salbu et al, 1998;Kabala and Singh, 2001). Many studies have been carried out on the speciation of heavy metals in different soils and organic materials; the major goal was to relate the speciation or forms with phytoavailability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of heavy metal speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Iwegbue

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical fractionation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Mn in soils that had received a significant impact of crude oil spillage in the Niger Delta, Nigeria was studied using a sequential chemical extraction method. The results revealed that significant amounts of the metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn and Mn) were found in the most labile fractions as compared to the control site. On average, Ni, Cr and Zn were mostly associated with the residual fraction; Pb and Mn with the Fe -Mn oxides; Cu with the organic fraction and Cd with the exchangeable fraction. Among the non-residual fractions, metals were mostly associated with the Fe -Mn oxides fraction. The mobility factors of these metals were higher at the impacted sites as compared with the control site. High mobility of the metals in the impacted soils was associated with the oil spillage, since exogenous metals are usually weakly bound to soil particles. The mobility factors for the metals follow the order: Cd4Zn4Pb4Ni4Mn4Cu4Cr.

show abstract

“…The relative index of metal mobility was calculated as the mobility factor (MF) on the basis of an equation described by several investigators (Salbu et al, 1998;Kabala and Singh, 2001). …”

Section: Mobility Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metal speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Iwegbue

2011

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…7 Because of the prevalence and potential health effects of these radionuclides, effort is devoted worldwide to actinide studies including basic actinide chemistry, environmental concentrations, speciation and partitioning, transport, evaluations of exposure pathways, 1,8,9 toxicokinetic studies, 10 bioassays of exposed populations, [11][12][13][14][15] risk assessments, 16 and nuclear non-proliferation and national security. 17 Effects such as "hot" particles, 18 resuspension, 16 bioconcentration, 19 and colloidal transport 7 can complicate the transport, exposure pathways, and subsequent bioavailability. Daughters of pre-anthropogenic plutonium have also been studied for geochronology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry at LLNL

McAninch

Hamilton

Brown

et al. 2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mass spectrometric methods provide sensitive, routine, and cost-effective analyses of longlived radionuclides. Here we report on the status of work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop a capability for actinide measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to take advantage of the high potential of AMS for rejection of interferences. This work demonstrates that the LLNL AMS spectrometer is well-suited for providing high sensitivity, robust, high throughput measurements of plutonium concentrations and isotope ratios. Present backgrounds are ~2×10 7 atoms per sample for environmental samples prepared using standard alpha spectrometry protocols. Recent measurements of 239+240 Pu and 241 Pu activities and 240 Pu/ 239 Pu isotope ratios in IAEA reference materials agree well with IAEA reference values and with alpha spectrometry and recently published ICP-MS results. Ongoing upgrades of the AMS spectrometer are expected to reduce backgrounds below 1×10 6 atoms per sample while allowing simplifications of the sample preparation chemistry. These simplifications will lead to lower per-sample costs, higher throughput, faster turn around and, ultimately, to larger and more robust data sets.

show abstract

“…In scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using backscattered electrons, information on particle size distribution and structure as well as the distribution of high atomic elements on particle surfaces can be obtained. By X-ray mapping, the 2 D distribution of individual elements associated with particle are obtained, while semi-quantitative elemental analysis at specific particle sites is obtained by X-ray microanalysis [5]. Using solid-state speciation techniques, e.g.…”

Section: Methods Applied For the Characterisation Of Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive particles released from various nuclear sources

Salbu¹,

Lind²

2005

Radioprotection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Radionuclides released to the environment may be present in different physico-chemical forms, ranging from ionic species to colloids, particles and fragments. Following releases during nuclear events such as nuclear weapon tests or use of depleted uranium munitions, and from nuclear accidents associated with explosions or fires, radionuclides such as uranium and plutonium are predominantly present as particles, mainly fuel particles. Similarly, radioactive particles are present in effluents from reprocessing facilities, and radioactive particles are observed in sediments in the close vicinity of radioactive waste dumped at sea. Thus, releases of radioactive particles occur far more often than earlier anticipated.Soils and sediments can act as a sink for colloids, particles and fragments, while contaminated soils and sediments may also act as a potential diffuse source, depending on particle characteristics and processes influencing particle weathering and remobilisation of associated radionuclides. To assess long-term impact from radioactive particle contamination, information on the source term is essential, i.e. activity concentrations and isotopic ratios as well as the particle size distribution, crystallographic structures and oxidation states influencing particle weathering rates and the subsequent mobilisation and biological uptake of associated radionuclides. The activity concentrations and the isotopic ratios will be source dependant, while particle characteristics will also reflect the release scenario, dispersion processes and deposition conditions. The present paper will summarise information on various nuclear sources summarise having released radioactive particles in the past.

show abstract

Characterisation of radioactive particles in the environment†

Cited by 193 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of heavy metal speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Assessment of heavy metal speciation in soils impacted with crude oil in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Plutonium measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry at LLNL

Radioactive particles released from various nuclear sources

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About