Characterisation of sustainable building walls made from rice straw bales

A review of material properties and performance of straw bale as building material

“…Linear correlation in the range of 60-130 kg•m À3 was observed by Costes et al [16] using guarded hot plate method, and Shea et al [25] using heat flow meter method. However, studies from Marques et al [14], Reif et al [15] and Cascone et al [18] indicate a rather weak correlation between bulk density and thermal conductivity of straw bale. A non-linear relation was also suggested by Vė jelienė [34] where optimum thermal conductivity was observed in the density range of 50-80 kg•m À3 , and the thermal conductivity increase when their densities are fall below or exceed above that range.…”

“…2 indicates no significant deviation of thermal conductivity from different sources of straw, e.g. barley [20,21], wheat [15,16,18,26,28] or rice [14]. Overall, straw with fiber oriented perpendicular or random to heat flow showed lower thermal Fig.…”

“…2 summarizes the steady-state thermal conductivity measurements of straw bale against density from different studies. The majority of these measurements [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] were determined in accordance with guarded hot plate method, based on ISO 8302:1991. The other two steady-state methods which have been used in the straw bale studies are measurement using heat flow meter apparatus [25] based on ISO 8301, and measurements using small hot box apparatus [26][27][28] based on EN-ISO 8990:1994 or ASTM C1363-19 [29].…”

“…2. Measured Thermal Conductivity vs Density based on studies from Marques [14], Reif [15], Costes [16], DIBt [17], Cascone [18], D'Alessandro [19], Vejeliene [20], Laborel-Préneron [21], Samuel [22], Munch-Andersen [23], Shea [25], Conti [26], Buratti [27], Cornaro [28], Christian [29], Langmans [33]. conductivity compared to those arranged parallel, as observed by Munch-Andersen and Andersen [23], Christian et al [29], Langsmans et al [33], Vė jelienė [34] and Douzane et al [35].…”

Principles of Sustainable Architecture in the Production of Bamboo Woven Wall Materials (Dendrocalamus Asper)

“…In Indonesia's 2030 construction documents, it is stated that Indonesian construction must be environmentally oriented. This can be traversed by the application of sustainable construction [11] [12]. Each building is designed, built, operated and maintained for the health and well-being of residents.…”