Characterisation of the Ion Exchange Reaction Between Propranolol-H+ or K+ with Amberlite™ IRP 69 Resin by Both, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and (Flame) Photometric Equilibrium Analysis

Environmental contextPotassium is an essential plant nutrient and farmers need to be able to predict how much soil K is plant available in order to optimise fertiliser applications and crop production. Traditional methods such as chemical extraction are generally poor predictors. A DGT based methodology that could enhance the assessment of plant available K is developed, which will assist plant growers to determine the correct fertiliser application, thereby avoiding crop deficiencies and limiting the misuse of K as a precious natural resource. AbstractPotassium is an essential plant nutrient often limiting plant productivity. Ammonium acetate extraction is often used to predict the potassium status of soils. However, correlation between extracted K and plant uptake is often poor, especially over a range of different soil textures. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), which determines the diffusive supply of elements, has been shown to accurately measure plant available elements in several cases. Up until now, however, the DGT devices available have not been suitable for measuring K. We set out to develop a DGT device suitable for the measurement of K in soil and test its ability to predict plant available K. The DGT device contained a binding layer based on Amberlite IRP-69 cation exchange resin. It proved suitable for the measurement of K under conditions similar to those usually found in soil if a 2-h deployment time was used and the labile K concentration was limited to 400 µM. Prediction of plant K concentrations with DGT were similar to those with ammonium acetate extractions over a range of typical agricultural soils with sandy and sandy loam textures. The results indicate that this new type of DGT has the potential to improve the accuracy of predictions of the K status of soils, although more tests using a wider range of plant species and soils are necessary.

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A novel and discriminative method of in vitro disintegration time for preparation and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of carbinoxamine maleate

Liu

Qiu²,

Sun³

et al. 2018

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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The primary objective of this study was to mask bitter taste and decrease the disintegration time of carbinoxamine maleate (CAM) orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). In order to screen the prescription of ODTs, a novel modified in vitro disintegration method (MIVDM) was developed to measure the in vitro disintegration time. In this method, different concentrations of ethanol served as disintegration medium in order to delay the in vitro water absorption and disintegration process of tablets. The MIVDM demonstrated good in vitro and in vivo correlation and proved more precise and discriminative than other reported methods. In this research, ion exchange resins (IERs) were used to mask bitter taste for improving mouthfeel. The drug-resin ratio and reaction temperature were investigated to obtain the optimum carbinoxamine resin complexes (CRCs). The characterization of CRCs revealed an amorphous state. ODTs were prepared by direct compression. Superdisintegrants and diluents of ODTs were screened first. Further optimization was carried out by using Box-Behnken design. The effect of (X) mannitol/microcrystalline cellulose ratio, (X) the amount of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose and (X) the hardness was investigated for achieving the lowest (Y) in vitro disintegration time. Technological characterization, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and roughness degree were evaluated. The CRCs and ODTs proved successful taste-masking efficiency. The end product improved patients' compliance. The developed MIVDM was practical for commercial use.

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Characterisation of the Ion Exchange Reaction Between Propranolol-H+ or K+ with Amberlite™ IRP 69 Resin by Both, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and (Flame) Photometric Equilibrium Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Fabrication and evaluation of cationic exchange nanofibers for controlled drug delivery systems

Fabrication and evaluation of cationic exchange nanofibers for controlled drug delivery systems

A new method for determination of potassium in soils using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)

A novel and discriminative method of in vitro disintegration time for preparation and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets of carbinoxamine maleate

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