Characterisation of the Vitis viniferaPR10 multigene family

Abstract

BackgroundGenes belonging to the pathogenesis related 10 (PR10) group have been studied in several plant species, where they form multigene families. Until now, such an analysis has not been performed in Vitis vinifera, although three different PR10 genes were found to be expressed under pathogen attack or abiotic stress, and during somatic embryogenesis induction. We used the complete genome sequence for characterising the whole V. vinifera PR10 gene family. The expression of candidate genes was studied in various non-treated tissues and following somatic embryogenesis induction by the auxin 2,4-D.ResultsIn addition to the three V. vinifera PR10 genes already described, namely VvPR10.1, VvPR10.2 and VvPR10.3, fourteen different PR10 related sequences were identified. Showing high similarity, they form a single cluster on the chromosome 5 comprising three pseudogenes. The expression of nine different genes was detected in various tissues. Although differentially expressed in non-treated plant organs, several genes were up-regulated in tissues treated with 2,4-D, as expected for PR genes.ConclusionsPR10 genes form a multigene family in V. vinifera, as found in birch, apple or peach. Seventeen closely related PR10 sequences are arranged in a tandem array on the chromosome 5, probably reflecting small-scale duplications during evolution. Various expression patterns were found for nine studied genes, highlighting functional diversification. A phylogenetic comparison of deduced proteins with PR10 proteins of other plants showed a characteristic low intraspecific variability. Particularly, a group of seven close tandem duplicates including VvPR10.1, VvPR10.2 and VvPR10.3 showed a very high similarity, suggesting concerted evolution or/and recent duplications.

An Ethylene-Induced Regulatory Module Delays Flower Senescence by Regulating Cytokinin Content

“…Three conserved residues related to ribonucleolytic activity of PR-10 proteins also existed in RhPR10.1 protein, including Glu (E) at amino acid position 96, 148, and Tyr (Y) or His (H) at 150 (Supplemental Fig. S3A; Lebel et al, 2010). The two conserved features above suggest that RhPR10.1 may have RNase activity.…”

“…We isolated a 766-bp RU06312 cDNA sequence with a 477-bp predicted open reading frame by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, encoding a deduced protein of 159 amino acids with a conserved P-loop motif and Bet v 1 motif (Lebel et al, 2010;Supplemental Fig. S3).…”

The Y-segment of novel cold dehydrin genes is conserved and codons in the PR-10 genes are under positive selection in Oxytropis (Fabaceae) from contrasting climates

“…surveyed. The conservative logic taken came to an estimation of three to four copies of PR-10 genes in each Oxytropis genome whereas there are 10 PR-10 genes from G. max (Schmutz et al 2010), 8 from (Handschuh et al 2007), 13 from Betula pendula (Schenk et al 2006), 14 (nine functional) from Vitis vinifera (Lebel et al 2010), 18 from Malus domestica (Gao et al 2005), 8 from Prunus persica and P. dulcis (Chen et al 2008) and 8 from Fragaria ananassa (MusidlowskaPersson et al 2007). The three to four diVerent paralogs of ripening-related proteins we discovered in Oxytropis are also a slightly lower count than in other Fabaceae Schmutz et al 2010).…”

The Pathogenesis Related Class 10 proteins in Plant Defense against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

“…in apple [24], peach [30] and poplar [31] PR-10 genes. Lebel et al [22] found that thirteen out of the seventeen Vitis vinifera PR-10 sequences are present on the chromosome in direct orientation suggesting that most copies were produced by unequal crossing over events, as described in Arabidopsis and rice [32]. Gene duplication events in the genome evolution process make new copies of a gene which may undergo modifications resulting in functional diversification [33].…”

“…PR-10 genes are multi gene families having low intra specific variation but higher inter specific variation which makes them interesting phylogenetic markers [22]. For example, at least five PR-10 genes in pea [23], eighteen Mal d 1 genes in apple [24], ten Bet v 1 genes in birch [25] They also tend to form physical clusters on specific chromosomes, e.g.…”