Characterising Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation through the Identification and Tracking of Electrochemical Battery Model Parameters

Uddin, Kotub; Perera, Surak; Widanage, Widanalage Dhammika; Somerville, Limhi; Marco, James

doi:10.3390/batteries2020013

Cited by 141 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Battery degradation effects is a parameter of considerable uncertainty, and has been explored in detail in previous work [38][39][40][41][42]. Using a methodology applied previously in work on the impact of V2G on battery degradation [43],q a cost of degradation (C Deg ) can be assigned per kWh of energy transferred.…”

Section: Vehicle Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A techno-economic analysis of EV-based energy storage

et al. 2017

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Citation: GOUGH, R. ...et al., 2017. Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A technoeconomic analysis of EV-based energy storage. Applied Energy, 192, Additional Information:• This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Ap- 1 Vehicle-to-Grid Feasibility: A Techno-economic Analysis of EV-based Energy StorageRebecca Gough*⁺ Abstract:The potential for electric vehicles to obtain income from energy supplied to a commercial building together with revenue accruing from specific ancillary service markets in the UK is evaluated in this work. A hybrid time-series/probabilistic simulation environment using real-world data is described, which is applied in the analysis of electricity trading with vehicle-to-grid to vehicles, buildings and markets. Key parameters are found to be the electric vehicle electricity sale price, battery degradation cost and infrastructure costs. Three vehicle-to-grid scenarios are evaluated using pool vehicle trip data, market pricing index data and half-hourly electricity demand for a commercial building. Results show that provision of energy to the wholesale electricity market with additional income from the capacity market results in the greatest projected return on investment, producing an individual vehicle net present value of ~£8,400. This is over 10 years for a vehicle supplying energy three times per week to the half-hour day-ahead market and includes the cost of installing the vehicle-to-grid infrastructure. The analysis also shows that net income generation is strongly dependent upon battery degradation costs associated with vehicle-to-grid cycling.

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Section: Vehicle Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A techno-economic analysis of EV-based energy storage

et al. 2017

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“…Much of the literature has therefore focused on 3D thermal modelling of battery packs [2, [7][8][9][10] and designing thermal management systems gradients in the solid phase, which is linked to particle fracturing and hence capacity and power fade through the isolation of electrode material, and contact loss, respectively [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of external compressive loads on the cycle lifetime of lithium-ion pouch cells

Barai

Tangirala

Uddin

et al. 2017

Journal of Energy Storage

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KeywordsLithium-ion battery; external pressure; capacity fade; power fade; cell ageing; cycle life AbstractIn application, lithium-ion pouch-format cells undergo expansion during cycling. To prevent contact loss between battery pack components and delamination and deformation during battery operation, compressive pressure is applied to cells in automotive battery modules/packs by way of rigid cell housing within the modules. In this paper, the impact of such compressive pressure on battery degradation is studied. Samples of commercial, 15 Ah LiNiMnCoO2 /Graphite electrode pouch-type cells were cycled 1200 times under atmospheric, 5psi and 15 psi compressive loads. After 1200 cycles, the capacity fade for 0, 5 and 15psi loads was11.0 %, 8.8 % and 8.4 %, respectively; the corresponding power fade was found to be 7.5 %, 39 % and 18 %, respectively, indicating power fade peaks between 0 and 15psi. This contrasting behaviour is related to the wettability increase and separator creep within the cell after compressive load is applied. The opposing capacity fade and power fade results require consideration from automotive battery engineers at the design stage of modules and packs. In addition to capacity fade and power fade results, the study identified the evolution of compressive pressures over multiple cycles, showing that pressure increases with cycling.

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“…Since 2015 the red band has been 3 hours in the North West zone (and will remain so until at least 2018), with a drop in red-green difference to 5.3 p/kWh in 2015 to ensure that consumers weren t adversely affected by the increased length of the red band. This halving of the red-green difference halved the savings available from using a given amount of storage capacity to shift demand to times of lower DUoS charges, though it increased the minimum required discharge time to maximise DUoS savings from two hours to three hours, thus allowing reduced storage discharge rates and hence increasing the cycle life of many technologies [29]. Fig.…”

Section: Reduction Of Distribution Chargesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 5 Published distribution charges for HV HH meters in the UK in 2017, and National Grid estimates of transmission charges for HH metered demand in 2017 [31], not including VAT Table 7 Ancillary services of interest to operators of small-and medium-scale electricity storage devices in Great Britain [43] FIGURE AND TABLE CAPTIONS Fig. 1 Non-domestic electricity consumption statistics for the UK in 2013 [21], using Eurostat consumption bands for industrial electricity [22] Table 5 Published distribution charges for HV HH meters in the UK in 2017, and National Grid estimates of transmission charges for HH metered demand in 2017 [29], not including VAT Table 6 Tesla Powerpack specifications and costs [32] …”

Section: Figures and Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10, for a storage device with 85% round-trip efficiency being fully discharged at a steady rate over 2 hours (16:30-18:30) during the red DUoS time band each weekday of 2015, and charged in the green time band. In reality, it might well be that the storage would be discharged over three hours (the length of the red DUoS band) outside of the winter Triad season, to reduce stress on the device and maximise cycle life [29], but this would have no effect on savings. Savings available from Triad avoidance could be higher at the lower storage capacities (and hence lower discharge powers) with accurate Triad forecasting allowing shorter bursts of higher discharge power during predicted Triads, but this would increase the risk of missing a Triad and so missing out on significant revenue.…”

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The value of electricity storage to large enterprises: A case study on Lancaster University

Pimm

Cockerill

Taylor

et al. 2017

Energy

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Co-locating electricity storage with demand has significant potential to increase consumption of locally-generated electricity, defer infrastructure investments, and contribute to the task of balancing supply and demand on the wider network. In the UK, unlike domestic consumers, large enterprises are already incentivised to reduce peak demand through exposure to timeand demand-dependent network charges. This paper considers the potential of electricity storage to reduce the bills of large enterprises, focusing on Lancaster University as a case study. Through analysis of Lancaster University s recent demand and generation data and current and future charges, it is shown that recent widening of red distribution charge time bands has reduced the value of electricity storage to enterprises, and that in 2015 an enterprise such as Lancaster University could have expected electricity storage to deliver annual savings of around £27 per kWh of storage capacity, by reducing network charges. An analysis of these charges around Great Britain shows that the opportunity for storage to provide savings to enterprises is greatest in the south-west (at least £70/kWh.yr in 2017) and lowest in the north of Scotland (at least £20/kWh.yr). Whether investment in storage provides positive value to enterprises is shown to be strongly dependent upon location. Keywords: Electricity Storage; Economics; Distributed Energy Storage; Business Highlights: Electricity storage can be used by enterprises to reduce network charges.  An optimisation algorithm with price-switching based on net demand is presented.  In 2017, storage could provide savings of >£33/kWh.yr in the north-west of England.  Savings in the south-west will be >£70/kWh.yr, twice the average elsewhere in GB.  Payback period for batteries is 8 years in the south-west, 36 in the north-west. IntroductionA number of recent reports have suggested that significant future cost savings are likely to be delivered through implementation of energy storage, with two recent projections suggesting annual savings to Great Britain in 2030 of up to £2.4bn [1] and up to £8bn [2]. Electricity 3 storage will play a significant role in this, with increased electricity system stress resulting from a growing penetration of variable renewables. While large-scale electricity storage technologies such as pumped storage and compressed air are typically regarded as having the lowest costs per unit of storage capacity and power capacity [3], it is more likely that small-and mediumscale distributed storage devices will be built in the near-term. Experience in Germany is already showing this to be the case [4], with reduced capital costs being more appealing to investors faced with the uncertainty surrounding future revenue streams and government support for storage. Smaller-scale distributed storage (i.e. storage connected below the grid supply point) also offers a larger potential customer base than centralised systems (including many consumers looking to maximise the potential of on-site gene...

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Characterising Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation through the Identification and Tracking of Electrochemical Battery Model Parameters

Cited by 141 publications

References 43 publications

Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A techno-economic analysis of EV-based energy storage

Vehicle-to-grid feasibility: A techno-economic analysis of EV-based energy storage

The effect of external compressive loads on the cycle lifetime of lithium-ion pouch cells

The value of electricity storage to large enterprises: A case study on Lancaster University

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