Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries undergo complex electrochemical and mechanical degradation. This complexity is pronounced in applications such as electric vehicles, where highly demanding cycles of operation and varying environmental conditions lead to non-trivial interactions of ageing stress factors. This work presents the framework for an ageing diagnostic tool based on identifying and then tracking the evolution of model parameters of a fundamental electrochemistry-based battery model from non-invasive voltage/current cycling tests. In addition to understanding the underlying mechanisms for degradation, the optimisation algorithm developed in this work allows for rapid parametrisation of the pseudo-two dimensional (P2D), Doyle-Fuller-Newman, battery model. This is achieved through exploiting the embedded symbolic manipulation capabilities and global optimisation methods within MapleSim. Results are presented that highlight the significant reductions in the computational resources required for solving systems of coupled non-linear partial differential equations.

Lithium ion batteries undergo complex electrochemical and mechanical degradation. This complexity is pronounced in applications such as electric vehicles where highly demanding cycles of operation and varying environmental conditions lead to non-trivial interactions of ageing stress factors. This work presents the framework for an ageing diagnostic tool based on identifying the physical parameters of a fundamental electrochemistry-based battery model from non-invasive voltage/current cycling tests. Exploiting the embedded symbolic manipulation tool and global optimiser in MapleSim, computational cost is reduced, significantly facilitating rapid optimisation. The diagnostic tool is used to study the degradation of a 3Ah LiC 6 /LiNiCoAlO 2 battery stored at 45℃ at 50% State of Charge for 202 days; the results agree with expected battery degradation.